Controversies in Second Language Writing: Dilemmas and Decisions in Research and Instruction

Contents

Contents Series Foreword by Diane Belcher and Jun Liu ix Introduction 1 1. Beliefs and Realities: A Framework for Decision Making 7 Leading Questions 7 Introduction to the Issues 7 Building a Philosophy of Teaching and Learning 10 Getting Started: Literacy Autobiographies 10 Examining the Sources of Beliefs from the Inside Out 11 Examining the Sources of Beliefs from the Outside In 12 Knowledge of Relevant Issues 15 The Reality of Practical Constraints 18 Ongoing Questions 21 References and Relevant Readings 22 2. Contrastive Rhetoric 26 Leading Questions 27 Introduction to the Issues 27 Discussions in the Literature 31 Kaplan and Early Contrastive Rhetoric 31 The Critics’ Responses 33 The Defenders Strike Back 39 Classroom Perspectives 43 Taking an Investigative Pedagogical Approach in the Classroom 45 Ongoing Questions 52 Beliefs and Practices 54 References and Relevant Readings 55 3. Paths to Improvement 63 Leading Questions 64 Introduction to the Issues 64 Discussions in the Literature 70 Fluency and Accuracy 70 Product, Process, Genre, and the Social Turn 75 Product and Process 75 Genre: A Socially Situated Product Perspective? 82 Adding a Social Orientation 84 Response (The Error Correction Debate) 86 Classroom Perspectives 92 Ongoing Questions 94 Beliefs and Practices 96 References and Relevant Readings 98 4. Assessment 112 Leading Questions 113 Introduction to the Issues 113 Discussions in the Literature 119 Objectivity and Subjectivity/Reliability and Validity 120 Rater Reliability 124 Authenticity 129 Ethical Dilemmas 131 How Tests Are Used 132 Ethics and Assessment of the L2 Writer 133 Classroom Perspectives 134 Ongoing Questions 141 Beliefs and Practices 142 References and Relevant Readings 143 5. Interaction 155 Leading Questions 156 Introduction to the Issues 156 Discussions in the Literature 158 Audience 158 Real and Imagined Audiences: Seen and Unseen 159 vi Contents Electronic Audiences 163 Against Audience 168 Plagiarism and Textual Borrowing 170 Is Plagiarism Widespread? 171 Defining Plagiarism 172 Cultural Issues in Textual Borrowing 175 Electronic Communication and Plagiarism 178 Classroom Perspectives 180 Ongoing Questions 185 Beliefs and Practices 186 References and Relevant Readings 188 6. Politics and Ideology 195 Leading Questions 196 Introduction to the Issues 196 Discussions in the Literature 199 Accommodationist Pragmatism and Critical Pedagogy 199 The Cultural Politics of Critical Thinking 205 The Politics of Internet Technology 211 Classroom Perspectives 218 The Case of Shuuichi 219 Ongoing Questions 223 Beliefs and Practices 224 References and Relevant Readings 226 Subject Index 237 Author Index 241 Contents vii ...