The Impossible Machine: A Genealogy of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission

Notes

/ 259 / Notes Introduction 1. William Verwoerd,“Towards the Recognition of Our Past Injustices,” in Looking Back, Reaching Forward: Reflections on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa, ed. Charles Villa-­ Vicencio and Wilhelm Verwoerd (Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press, 2000), 156. 2. Wendy Orr, “Reparation Delayed Is Healing Retarded,” in Villa-­ Vicencio and Verwoerd, Looking Back, Reaching Forward, 240. 3. Truths Drawn in Jest: Commentary on the TRC through Cartoons, ed. Wilhelm Verwoerd and Mahlubi Mabizela (Cape Town: David Philip, 2000), 8. 4. See, for example, Charles Call,“Is Transitional Justice Really Just?” Brown Journal of World Affairs 11, no. 1 (Summer/Fall 2004): 101–­ 13; Bronwyn Leebaw,“The Irreconcilable Goals of Transitional Justice,” Human Rights Quarterly 30, no. 1 (February 2008): 95–­ 118; Rosemary Nagy,“Transitional Justice as a Global Project: Critical Reflections ,” Third World Quarterly 29, no. 2 (2008): 275–­ 89; Robert Meister, After Evil: A Politics of Human Rights (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011), 20–­ 49. 5. Claire Moon, Narrating Political Reconciliation: South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2009), 2–­ 5ff.; Tshepo Madlingozi ,“On Transitional Justice Entrepreneurs and the Production of Victims,” Journal of Human Rights Practice 2, no. 2 (2010), 210–­ 11, 225. 6. Madlingozi,“On Transitional Justice Entrepreneurs and the Production of Victims ,”209. See also Michael Neocosmos,“Transition, Human Rights, and Violence: Rethinking a Liberal Political Relationship in the African Neo-­ Colony,” Interface: a journal for and about social movements 3, no. 2 (November 2011): 359–­ 63. 7. Peter Parker,“The Politics of Indemnities, Truth Telling, and Reconciliation in South Africa,” Human Rights Law Journal 17 (1996): 1–­ 13. 8. Florian Kutz, Amnestie für politische Straftäter in Südafrika Von der Sharpeville-­ Amnestie bis zu den Verfahren der Wahrheits-­und Versöhnungskommission (Berlin: Berlin Verlag Arno Spitz, 2001), 29–­ 64; Antje du Bois-­ Pedain, Transitional Amnesty in South Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 17–­ 59; Louise Mallinder,“Indemnity , Amnesty, Pardon, and Prosecution Guidelines in South Africa” (working pa- 260 / Notes to Pages 4–7 per no. 2, Beyond Legalism: Amnesties, Transition, and Conflict Transformation, Institute of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Queens University, Belfast, 2009), 139. 9. Alfred Venn Dicey,Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution, 8th ed. (London: Macmillan, 1924), 48. 10. Thomas Hobbes, The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic, ed. J. C. A. Gaskin (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994), 172; Thomas Hobbes, A Dialogue between a Philosopher and a Student of the Common Laws of England (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971), 61, 63, 152–­ 53. 11. Dipesh Chakrabarty, Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), 4. See also Partha Chatterjee, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse? (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993), 28, 43. 12. Chakrabarty, Provincializing Europe, 8. 13. Chakrabarty, Provincializing Europe, 16, 43–­ 45. Valentin Mudimbe adopts a similar approach, focusing not on dichotomies between tradition and modernity, orality and the written, and rural and industrialized economies but on the“intermediate space” between“so-­ called African tradition” and“the projected modernity of colonialism.” The point of this focus is not, of course, to understand this space as a reason to affirm “hybridity ”as such (which has its own genealogy in colonial race theory) but, rather, to treat it as the“locus of paradoxes that call[] into question the modalities and implications of modernization in Africa.”See V.Y.Mudimbe,The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy, and the Order of Knowledge (Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1988), 5, 195. 14. Michel Foucault, “Nietzsche, Genealogy, History,” in Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology, vol. 2 of The Essential Works of Michel Foucault, 1954–­ 1984, ed. James D. Faubion, trans. Robert Hurley et al. (New York: New Press, 1998), 369–­ 92. 15. Michel Foucault, “Truth and Juridical Forms,” in Power, vol. 3 of The Essential Works of Michel Foucault, 1954–­ 1984, ed. James D. Faubion, trans. Robert Hurley et al., (New York: New Press, 2000), 6–­ 89. 16. In fact, only in the famous case Phillips v. Eyre (1869), which dealt with the legality of the Jamaican Indemnity Act of 1867, does one find the word legalize used in the sense that Dicey will use it in his famous theory of indemnity (an act that“legalizes illegality”). Cf. Dicey, Introduction, 8th ed., 48, 408, 554; Phillips v. Eyre, 1869 LR 4 QB 225, at 241. For an extended analysis of Phillips v. Eyre, see R.W. Kostal, A Jurisprudence of Power...