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Bibliography
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4. Hilke Meyer-Bahlburg, “Erinnerung an die erste deutsche Afrikanistin: Maria von Tiling wäre am 13 Februar 100 Jahre alt geworden,” Berichte Meinungen aus der Universität Hamburg 16, no. 2 (April 1986): 53–54. 5. Wilhelm Czermak, Review of Maria von Tiling, Somali-Texte und Untersuchungen zur Somali-Lautlehre (Berlin: Reimer; Hamburg: Boysen, 1925), Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 33 (1926): 150–56, cited in MeyerBahlburg , “Erinnerung …” 6. StaH Personalakten des Maria Klingenheben, geb. von Tiling, Oberschulbeh örde, Sektion für Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, Hochschulwesen Dozenten und Personalakten, IV 1732, K. 202, letter of Carl Meinhof to the Oberschulbeh örde, n.d., ca. December 1918. 7. Alice Werner, Review of Maria von Tiling’s Somali-Texte, Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies 4, no. 1 (1926): 189–91. 8. AIAÄ Ethnogr.-anth. Briefwechsel BV 2 (b) vom 3 Oktober 1920 bis 1. September 1932, letter of Meinhof to Professor A König, Schwabach bei Nürnberg, January 7, 1921. Moreover, recordings of POWs from various parts of the world are held at the Berlin-Phonogramm-Archiv. See for instance Thomas Ulbrich, “Historische koreanische Aufnahmen im Lautarchiv der Humboldt-Universität und im Berliner Phonogramm-Archiv,” Baessler-Archiv 49 (2001): 139–64. 9. GStaPKB Rep. 208 A, Nr. 77, Haussa-Lektoren 1908–1922, letter from Sachau to Kommandentur des Halbmondlagers zu Wunsdorf, December 13, 1916. 10. Andrew Evans, “Anthropology at War: Racial Studies of POWs during World War I,” in Worldly Provincialism: German Anthropology in the Age of Empire , ed. Matti Bunzl and H. Glenn Penny (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003), 198–229. 11. Poliakov, The Aryan Myth, 71–105; Römer, Sprachwissenschaft und Rassenideologie in Deutschland; Mosse, The Crisis of German Ideology. 12. W. D. Hammond-Tooke, Imperfect Interpreters: South Africa’s Anthropologists , 1920–1990 (Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1997), 59–60; and see also Saul Dubow, Scienti‹c Racism in Modern South Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 80–81; Cynthia Kros, “Economic, Political, and Intellectual Origins of Bantu Education 1926–1951” (PhD diss., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1996), 121–26; Caroline Jeannerat, “The Classi‹cation of Tradition in van Warmelo’s Writing,” unpublished seminar paper (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1998), 4–8, for other opinions. 13. It was originally to be called the International Bureau of African Languages and Tribal Cultures. 14. See Richard V. Pierard, “Shaking the Foundations: World War I, the Western Allies, and German Protestant Missions,” International Bulletin of Missionary Research (January 1998): 13–19; H. Debrunner, A Church between Colonial Powers: A Study of the Church in Togo (London: Lutterworth Press, 1965), 143–63 passim. Pierard’s article provides a thorough historical description of their expulsion from the colonies. The article also shows that German missionaries were not unilaterally forced out of all of Germany’s former colonies; in Southwest Africa, which became a South African territory, most were allowed to stay, as authorities feared another uprising by the Herero. On this point see also Lothar Engel, Kolonialismus und Na242 Notes to Pages 160–64 tionalismus im deutschen Protestantismus in Namibia 1907 bis 1945 (Herbert Lang: Bern, 1976), 159ff. 15. Roehl’s “entarabisiert” Swahili translation of the Bible caused no end of controversy in the 1920s, in which he proposed eradicating Swahili words derived from Arabic. See various correspondence in AIAÄ BVIII 4 b, Evangelische Mission , and also Karl Roehl, “The Linguistic Situation in East Africa,” Africa 3 (January 1930): 190–202, and G. W. Broom‹eld, “The Re-Bantuization of the Swahili Language,” Africa 4 (1931): 77–85. 16. AIAÄ BVIII 4 b, Evangelische Mission, letter of Karl Roehl to Carl Meinhof , 13 September, 1926. The text of article 438 of the Versailles Treaty, to which Roehl refers, reads as follows: “The Allied and Associated Powers agree that where Christian religious missions were being maintained by German societies or persons in territory belonging to them, or of which the government is entrusted to them in accordance with the present Treaty, the property which these missions or missionary societies possessed, including that of trading societies whose pro‹ts were devoted to the support of missions, shall continue to be devoted to missionary purposes . In order to ensure the due execution of this undertaking the Allied and Associated Governments will hand over such property to boards of trustees appointed by or approved by the Governments and composed of persons holding the faith of the Mission whose property is involved. The Allied and Associated Governments , while continuing...