The Xavante in Transition: Health, Ecology, and Bioanthropology in Central Brazil

Index

Index Page numbers for photographs and figures are in italics. Page numbers for tables are in bold type. age grades: in Central Brazil, 27; (BMI), 251–55, 251, 253, 255, Xavánte, 29–32, 30 289nn. 4–5; stunting, 236–38, 236, age sets: in Central Brazil, 27; hö 237; wasting, 236–38, 236, 237. See (bachelors’ hut), 29, 31–32, 277n. also morphology; nutritional status; 5; in log racing, 35; Xavánte system obesity of, 29–32, 30, 123–24, 277nn. 4–5 Apinayé, 26 agriculture: in Central Brazil, 24, 27, Apöwẽ, Xavánte chief, 42, 75, 79–81, 169–71; prehistoric, 17. See also 84, 128, 143–44, 149. See also leadcorn ; crops; farming; plant domesti- ership cation in Central Brazil; rice; Araguaia River, 13, 17, 19, 28–29, 63, Xavánte Rice Project 68–70, 279n. 13. See also inland Água Boa, town, 25, 196 waterway, Tocantins-Araguaia Akroá, 26, 55–57, 59–60, 62; Akroá- arbovirus infections, 230–31, 287n. 17 Assu, 26; Akroá-Mirim, 26, 28, 66. Associação dos Xavantes de Pimentel See also Central Jê Barbosa, 25, 87, 89, 91 Akwẽ, 26. See also Central Jê attacks on Xavánte villages, 58–59, aldeias (mission villages for Indians), 73. See also raiding; warfare 51–52, 55–57, 56, 59–66, 61, 68– Aweikoma. See Xokléng 69, 93; for Xavánte, 62–66, 278– 79nn. 8–10. See also Carretão; Bananal Island, 57, 60 Duro missions; São José de bandeira (frontier military or explorMossa ̂medes; secular missions atory expedition), 277–78n. 6; to Alvard, M., 165 attack Xavánte, 57–59; March to Amazon River Basin, 17, 27, the West as, 73–74; to pacify 276n. 1 Xavánte, 61–63 anemia, 233–35, 234, 287–88nn. Barbosa, Genésio Pimentel, 74 18–20 Barra do Garças, town, 25, 175, 196, anthropology: historical perspective 198, 200 in, 11–12, 276nn. 6–7; and study of Barreto, Maurı́cio L., 248–50 Amazonian peoples, 8–12; and Baruzzi, Roberto G., 3, 7, 264–65, study of change, 8 275n. 5 anthropometry, 96–99, 235–38, baskets, 44; as cradles, 156, 259, 288nn. 21–22; body mass index 286n. 10; materials for, 156 333 334 Index birds, 161; used for feathers, 161; Castro, Eduardo Viveiros de, 11 used for food, 161. See also hunting cattle, 28, 50–51, 55; in Etéñitépa birth: ascertaining date of, 123–24; community, 88, 173; raising, 50–51, women’s age at first, 124. See also 74; ranches, 55, 65. See also under Etéñitépa Xavánte demography raiding Black, Francis L., 3 census: by anthropologists, 121–22; blood groups, 100–108, 101, 103–6. Brazilian, 121; categories, 121. See also DNA; genetic diversity; See also under Etéñitépa Xavánte genetics of Etéñitépa Xavánte; pro- demography. See also demographic tein genetic systems information blood pressure, 205, 251, 261–63, Central Brazil, 13; Central Brazilian 263, 271, 290nn. 9–10; at São Do- Plateau, 17, 27, 47; economic develmingos , 205, 262. See also chronic opment of, 74, 175; European penenoncontagious diseases; diet; tration of, 50; indigenous groups epidemiological transition of, 17, 26–28, 49–51, 50; large vilbody mass index (BMI). See under lages in, 27; prehistory of, 17. See anthropometry also cerrado Boróro, 71, 79, 250 Central Jê, 26–29; linguistic relationBotocudo , 26 ships, 26–27; villages of, 27, 55–56. Brası́lia, 11, 25, 85–87, 200, 282n. 1 See also Akroá; Akwẽ; Xakriabá; Brazil: constitution of 1988, 11, 87; Xavánte; Xerénte 500th anniversary of discovery, 12, ceremonies, 35–38, 257; curing cere92 ; indigenous population of, 2; in- mony, 142–43; ear-piercing cereterethnic relations in, 12, 92; “invisi- mony, 31, 224; initiation of boys, bility” of Indians in, 2–3, 273–74; 31; wai’a ceremony, 36, 37. See also military government of, 9, 82, 85– log racing; warã 87, 175; number of indigenous soci- cerrado, 17, 21–24, 28, 39–40, 282n. eties in, 2 1, 284n. 12; campo cerrado, 21; brothers: and household organiza- campo limpo, 21; cattle raising in, tion, 41–42; and sororal polygyny, 187–88; cerradão, 21; cerrado 45–47 (sensu stricto), 21; conservation of, 188; degradation of, 187–89; farmCallegari -Jacques, Sı́dia, 121–22 ing in, 24, 40, 187; fauna of, 24, Campinápolis, town, 196, 198 158–68, 282–83nn. 2–3; fires in, Canarana, town, 25...