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Figures 2.1. Location of Xavánte reservations 18 2.2. Location of Pimentel Barbosa reservation 20 2.3. Cerrado vegetation 22 2.4. Gallery forest 23 2.5. Marital status of adult men at Etéñitépa 34 2.6. Marital status of adult women at Etéñitépa 34 2.7. The warã (men’s council) 36 2.8. The wai’a ceremony 37 2.9. Aerial view of Etéñitépa Village 41 2.10. A Xavánte house with a kitchen lean-to 43 2.11. The interior of a Xavánte house 44 2.12. Frequency distribution of household at Etéñitépa 45 2.13. Kin relationships in a large household at Etéñitépa 46 3.1. Historical map of the Tocantins-Araguaia frontier 50 3.2. Eighteenth-century map of one of two Duro missions 56 3.3. Plan of the eighteenth-century secular mission of São José de Mossâmedes 61 3.4. Photograph taken from journalists’ plane diving low over an uncontacted Xavánte village 76 3.5. Uncontacted Xavánte village 77 3.6. A member of the SPI team that contacted the Etéñitépa Xavánte in 1946 exchanging trade goods for Indian arrows 78 xii Figures 3.7. Xavánte holding the president of FUNAI hostage 86 4.1. Principal-components analysis of male Brazilian Indian anthropometric data 99 4.2. Dendrograms showing population relationships 118 5.1. Etéñitépa Xavánte population size at different periods 125 5.2. Population pyramid, Etéñitépa, 1977 127 5.3. Population pyramid, Etéñitépa, 1990 127 5.4. Young couple in their section of the extended family house 140 6.1. Woman weaving a sleeping mat 157 6.2. Hunter who has just shot a tapir 159 6.3. Peccaries laid out after a successful hunt 163 6.4. Peccary roasting on a barbecue 164 6.5. Xavánte fisherman showing his catch 168 6.6. Man in his rice field 171 6.7. Woman hulling rice 172 6.8. Percentage of time allocated to subsistence activities by season 180 6.9. Composition of the Etéñitépa Xavánte diet 182 7.1. Xavánte discussing the implementation of the new health care system 198 8.1. Frequencies of disease in the Xavánte 209 8.2. Causes of death in thirty-one Xavánte children 210 8.3. Xavánte houses 218 8.4. Xavánte often scarify their legs for therapeutic reasons 225 8.5. Dust blowing across the village in the dry season 229 9.1. Percentage of time allocated to subsistence activities, comparing Etéñitépa with São José 254 9.2. Mean height for adult Xavánte men and women 256 Figures xiii 9.3. Mean weight for adult Xavánte men and women 256 9.4. In recent years the Xavánte have grown upland rice extensively and made it a staple of their diet 258 9.5. Today the Etéñitépa Xavánte often go to hunting grounds by truck 258 9.6. Women returning from the gardens 259 9.7. Log racing in the Xavánte 260 ...

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