Cattle Bring Us to Our Enemies: Turkana Ecology, Politics, and Raiding in a Disequilibrium System

Index

Index adakar, 47, 53–54, 223 movement of, 143–44, 146, 175, 204, 223 stress on forage, 130 advanced very high resolution radiometry (AVHRR), 71, 206 age and generation sets, 58–59, 145–46 Amin, Idi, 101 Angorot, 110–15 family, 110–11, 191–94 livestock management (aggressive style), 112–15, 160–66, 174 livestock dynamics (10-year data), l86–88 livestock holdings (initial), 111–12 losses due to raiding, 112, 133–35, 151, 186–89 losses during Lochuu drought, 138, 142–43, 185 migration patterns, 129–38, 146–56 mobility summary statistics, 160–66, 174, 177–81 sharing of resources with Lorimet, 117–19, 148, 166–67 anthrax, 215–16 anthropology, 10–13, 24 ecological, 6, 18, 21–25, 29 Aram Family, 229 arid land ecosystems, 18, 43–45 models of, 11–12, 26–27 Ngisonyoka territory as, 63 as nonequilibrium systems, 7, 12, 33–34, 37–38, 159 Arum-Rum, 54, 228–30 asapan (initiation) ceremony, 58 Ateker language group, 47–49, 58 Atot, 119–22 brother’s son Epakan “loaned” to, 138–39 daughters help with herding, 120, 141 family, 119–20 livestock management, 119–22, 170–72, 174 labor problems, 120, 122, 138–39, 141, 160 livestock holdings (initial), 119–20 losses due to raiding, 189 losses during Lochuu drought, 142–43, 185 migration patterns, 138–43, 146, 148–49 mobility summary statistics, 170–75, 177–79 automatic weapons, 90, 93–94, 96, 101, 129. See also guns AVHRR (advanced very high resolution radiometry), 71, 206 awi, 53–54 awi apolon, 53, 223 baboons, 133 beekeeping, 223 behavioral ecology, 7, 29–31, 190, 241 biomass, 28, 206, 213–14 of drought reserves, 43, 230–31 291 biomass (continued) normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI), 71 and precipitation, 64–65, 213 See also productivity, primary births. See reproduction black quarter, 211, 215 boundaries ecosystem, 25, 61 territorial, 54–56, 234 bridewealth, 190–92, 241 payment deferred by Lorimet, 119, 152, 197 and stock associations, 58 buffaloes, 129 burning, 65, 67 camels, 46, 49, 74–75 pregnant camels separated for protection, 141 primary livestock for Lopericho, 123–24, 185 as principal milk source, 78 salt in diet, 44–45, 69, 73–74, 78 value in Kenyan shillings, 189 water/forage requirements, 46, 74–75, 78–79 See also livestock carrying capacity, 28, 36–38, 186, 218, 223 defined, 34 and forced destocking, 243 proportion consumed by Ngisonyoka livestock, 239 See also stocking density cattle, 46, 49, 75–76 role in cultural/social life, 75–76 title quotation explained, 105 value to pastoralists, 35–37, 183–84, 243–44 water/forage requirements, 46, 66–67, 75, 79 See also disease; livestock Cavandish, Henry, 50 CBPP (contagious bovine pleuropneumonia ). See under disease CCPP (contagious caprine pleuropneumonia ). See under disease children and legitimization of family, 241, 246 “livestock follow children,” 119 value/need for, 190–91 cholera (viral diarrhea), 211, 212, 216–17 circumcision, 58 clans, 56–57 climate climatic periods, 176–82 ecoclimatic zones, 43–44 Ngisonyoka territory, 63, 176–82, 222 other Turkana sections, 208, 213–14, 217–18 Turkana District, 41–43, 45, 176–82 climax community, 21, 34–35 colonial period, 50–52, 240 competition, 28 conflict. See warfare coupling (plant-herbivore interactions ), 26, 28, 186, 233–34, 238–39 crocodiles, 217 cultural anthropology, 10, 24 cultural ecology, 10, 22–23 curses, 102–3, 227–28 Darwinian ecology. See behavioral ecology Dassanetch, 51–52, 93, 99–100 death of Lopericho, 125–26, 197 treatment of childless women, 190 decision making, 6–7, 80, 104–5, 127–58, 236–47 in adakars, 204 in Arum-Rums, 54, 228–30 behavioral ecology research, 30–31 comparison of Turkana sections, 230–34 complexity of, 127–28, 156, 160, 199 292 index in group movement, 204–5 See also livestock management; mobility; raiding degradation of environment, 33, 34–37, 243 lack of in Ngisonyoka territory, 27, 186, 239 See also carrying capacity demography, 11, 13, 14–16, 199 desertification, 35, 36 destocking programs, 36, 243 development planning, 12, 29, 35, 37–38 recommendations, 245–47 diarrhea, viral (cholera), 211, 212, 216–17 disarming expeditions, 52, 100–101, 110, 128–29, 229 disease, 13–14, 67, 137, 198, 215 anthrax (enomokore), 215–16 black quarter (lokichuma), 211, 215 and carrying capacity, 37 cattle pox (etune), 219 contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), 49, 99, 120, 211, 219 in Lochuu drought, 129, 138, 141–42, 215, 224 contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), 143, 212, 220...