Life and Thought in the Ancient Near East

Notes

Notes In the Tablet Houses of Mesopotamia 1. Mogens Weitemeyer, “Archive and Library Technique in Ancient Mesopotamia,” Libri: International Library Review 6 (1956): 220–21. 2. Ibid., 225–32. 3. See further Ernst Posner, Archives in the Ancient World (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972), 12–70. New Year’s Day in Babylon 1. See the translation of the “New Year’s Day Ritual” in ANET (1969), 331–34. 2. See the translation of the “Creation Epic” in ANET (1969), 60–72 and 501–3. Decoding the Hammurabi Law Code A complete translation of the Hammurabi Law Code appears in ANET (1969), 163–80. 1. See further J. J. Finkelstein, “Ammisaduga and the Babylonian ‘Law Codes,’” Journal of Cuneiform Studies 15 (1961): 91–104. On the Lighter Side of Mesopotamia The technical information upon which this vignette is based is found in I. J. Gelb’s article “Homo Ludens [“playful or recreational man”] in Mesopotamia,” Studia Orientalia 46 (1975): 43–76. A Festschrift dedicated to the Assyriologist A. Salonen. 217 Wild Animals and Game Parks 1. See ANET (1969), 433, col. B. 2. See J. K. Anderson, Hunting in the Ancient World (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), especially chap. 1; and R. D. Barnett, Sculptures from the North Palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh, 668–627 B.C. (London: British Museum Publications, 1976). On the role of ivory in ancient Near Eastern art (here Syria), see Irene J. Winter, “Ivory Carving,” in Elba to Damascus (Art and Archaeology of Ancient Syria), ed. Harvey Weiss, 339–46 (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, 1985). See further “Zoology,” in Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. D. N. Freedman, 6:1109–67 (New York: Doubleday , 1972). Theme and Variations on Herodotus’s Statement Herodotus, The Histories, trans. Aubrey de Selincourt, rev. John Merincola (1996; repr., London: Penguin Classics, 2003), 97, paragraph 5. 1. The indispensable work in English for information about the topographical in›uences on Egyptian culture is Herman Kees, Ancient Egypt: A Cultural Topography, trans. Ian F. D. Morrow, ed. T. G. H. James (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1961; Phoenix ed., 1977 [paperback ]). 2. Ibid., 28–29. 3. On tombs and burial customs of the Egyptians, see Carol Andrews, Egyptian Mummies (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984); and James E. Harris and Edward F. Wente, eds., X-Ray Atlas of the Royal Mummies (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980). 4. An admirably competent short introduction to ancient Egyptian religious ideas, a good choice to begin with, is J. Cerny, Ancient Egyptian Religion (London : Hutchinson’s University Library, 1952). The Seagoing Phoenicians 1. On Egyptian, Phoenician, and Syro-Levant ships and sea routes, see Shelly Wachsmann, Seagoing Ships and Seamanship in the Bronze Age Levant (College Station: Texas A&M University Press and London: Chatham Publishing, 1998), 310–14, 327–28. 2. The text of the original story of Wen-Amon appears in ANET (1969), 25–29. From Tribal Coalition to Statehood in Ancient Israel The translation of the Bible used in this account is the Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Revised Standard Version (New York: Oxford University 218 NOTES TO PAGES 29–55 Press, 1965). The historical account of the rise of Israel to statehood is contained in the books of Joshua, Judges, 1 and 2 Samuel through 1 Kings 12. The reference to Merneptah’s victory stela, which mentions Israel, appears in ANET (1969), 376–78. The single line containing the name appears seven printed lines from the end of the otherwise unnumbered text and should be read with footnote 18 of p. 378. The interpretation of Israel’s rise to statehood here presented follows the proposals of W. F. Albright and George Mendenhall, though the reader should be aware that the issue is very complex and has been the subject of longstanding and often heated debate among historians and theologians. Ancient Persia and a Tale of Two Cities 1. Robert B. Strassler, ed., The Landmark Thucydides (New York: Simon and Schuster [Touchstone], 1996), 111–14; and see the Oxford Annotated Bible, the books of Ezra and Nehemiah for the return of Jews to their homeland. On Nomads and Nomadism 1. See M. B. Rowton’s articles “Enclosed Nomadism,” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 17, pt. 1 (1974): 1, 2–30, and “Dimorphic Structure and Topology,” Oriens Antiquus 15 (1976): 17–31. See also Jorge Silva Castillo, ed., Nomads and Sedentary Peoples, Thirtieth International Congress of Human Sciences in Asia and North Africa (Mexico...