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Acknowledgments I have incurred a great many debts in the preparation and writing of this book. The faculty and staff at the University of Maryland at College Park provided signi‹cant encouragement and support as I began my initial investigations . Stuart Kaufman, the sage editor of the Samuel Gompers Papers, provided invaluable early guidance. That this project survived his sudden death is a testament to his powers to inspire. I am indebted to a number of other individuals, who carefully read my manuscript for both style and substance , including David Sicilia, Gary Clifford, Frank Ninkovich, Peter Levy, Marc Jason Gilbert, and Allan E. Goodman. One individual’s support and aid stands out, that of my father, Edmund S. Wehrle, who read and commented on countless drafts, offering crucial insights and encouragement. In the ‹nal stages of manuscript preparation, my wife Jacqueline carefully read drafts and attended to footnotes. The staff at the George Meany Memorial Archives, especially Lee Sayres, put up with my almost constant presence for several years. My European research was greatly enhanced by the help of Marie-Paule Blasini at the French National Archives for Overseas Affairs and by Pascal Clerc at the French Confederation of Democratic Workers Archives. Likewise I am indebted to archivists at the Kheel Center for Labor Documentation; the Gerald Ford Library; the Hoover Institute on War, Revolution, and Peace; the National Security Archives; the National Archives; the British National Archives; the Wagner Archives; the Walter Reuther Library; the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library; the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; and the Library of Congress Manuscript Reading Room. Numerous individuals provided me with invaluable ‹rsthand impressions; particular thanks go to Nguyen Duc Dat, Robert Senser, and Vy Pham. A Hearst Travel Grant from the University of Maryland History Department , as well as grants from the Lyndon Johnson Foundation and the Eastern Illinois University Of‹ce of Grants and Research, facilitated my extensive research for this project. While the aid and support of these many individuals have enhanced this work, its ›aws and shortcomings rest solely on my shoulders. Acknowledgments viii ...

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