Slaves to Fashion: Poverty and Abuse in the New Sweatshops

Index

377 Index AAMA (American Apparel Manufacturers Association), 311–12 ABC (network), 225, 226, 232 Abercrombie & Fitch, 142 Abernathy, Frederick H., 137, 138 Abuse, 143; physical, 115, 268, 269, 270, 272, 275, 304; sexual, 275, 324; verbal, 20, 23, 268, 270, 275. See also Oppression; Repression; Violence; Work conditions, abusive Accountability, 145, 146, 156, 256, 271, 314–15. See also SAI ACIT (Academic Consortium on International Trade), 237 Activists, 104, 113, 165, 170, 224, 247; and celebrities, 228, 234; developing country, 115, 320; union, 52, 115, 278, 279, 281; U.S., 41, 67; working-class, 59. See also Social movements; Student movement; names of individuals ACTWU (Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union), 198, 200, 202–3, 243 ACWA (Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America), 59, 83, 96, 189–90 Adidas-Salomon, 277–78 Adler, Robert W., 223 Advertising, 69, 193, 201, 313 AFL (American Federation of Labor), 53, 59, 80, 83–84, 286 AFL-CIO, 96, 197; and the FLA, 162, 167; and international campaigns, 115, 250, 273, 350n. 10; Organizing Institute of, 254; Solidarity Center of, 269, 270, 280; and the WTO, 293 Africa, 11, 281, 296–97, 317. See also names of speci‹c countries African Americans, 91–92, 94, 192, 212, 243 AGOA (African Growth and Opportunity Act), 317 AIP (Apparel Industry Partnership), 161–65, 167–69, 255. See also FLA Alabama, University of, 258 A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Company, 77–78, 79 Albuquerque, Rafael, 278, 279 Alexander, Peter, 335 Alexander, Susan H., 216 Alliances, 71, 75, 262, 273, 277, 318 Almeida, Tico, 254, 255, 276 Altgeld, John Peter, 286 Alvarado, David Ernesto, 269, 273 Anarchists and anarchism, 262, 286 Andrews, Fred, 138 Anti-Peonage Act, 139 Antisweatshop legislation, 227, 230–31, 315 Antisweatshop movement, 144, 170, 245–48; critics of, 281; and name brands, 12, 233; and unions, 198, 245–46. See also Codes of conduct; NLC; Reform; Reformers; Student movement; names of speci‹c organizations Antisweatshop policy, 309–21, 326; codes of conduct, 310–12; international law and sanctions, 318–21; national import law, 315–18; national law for accountability, 314–15; and sweat-free labels, 312–14. See also Accountability; Codes of conduct; Labels, sweat-free; Sanctions Antiunion activity, 188, 279, 331 Appelbaum, Richard, 115, 129–30 Arbitration, 58, 59, 196, 330–31 Argentina, 109, 297 Aristotle, 324 Arizona: State University, 255; University of, 168, 249, 252, 259, 271, 275 Arkansas, University of, 258 Arrests, 57, 249–50, 269 Asia, 138, 247, 281, 287, 294, 296–97. See also names of speci‹c countries Associated Press, 228, 253 Association to Bene‹t Children, 225 ATC (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing ), 288, 318 Atlixco (town), 267, 270 Australia, 245 Austria, 109, 286 Authoritarianism, 122–23 Ballinger, Jeffrey, 169 Baltimore, Maryland, 266 Bangladesh, 47, 163, 204, 302, 327; factories in, 246, 278; imports from, 105, 255, 300, 305, 316 Bankers, 295, 302 Barbados, 297 Barbaro, Frank, 99 Barbed wire, 213–14, 215 Barshefsky, Charlene, 118, 298 Bathrooms, 40, 41, 324; clean, 51, 52, 267, 277; unsanitary, 2, 20, 23; unsatisfactory, 21, 143 BCIS (Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services), 184 Belgium, 39, 109, 126, 246 Bene‹ts, 49, 95; contracts for, 89, 190; denial of, 270; greater, 120, 272; insuf‹cient, 20, 25. See also Bonuses; Health insurance; Pensions Benjamin, Medea, 165, 247 Bernard, Elaine, 164–65 Best, Harry, 16 BJ&B (company), 169, 238, 256, 266–67, 279–80, 333 Blanck, Max, 61, 63, 189, 213 Bonacich, Edna, 115, 129–30, 200, 202 Bonuses, 267, 268 Boston: sweatshops in, 180, 234–35, 347n. 13; universities in, 168, 219, 276; wages in, 248, 266. See also Harvard University Boston Globe, 230, 276, 295 Boudreaux, Mike, 25 Boycotts, 194, 202, 203, 269, 334 Boys, 22, 60, 67. See also Child labor; Men; Workers, male Brakken, Eric, 263, 269 Brandeis, Louis, 58 Brand names, 133, 144, 156, 257, 282; and codes of conduct, 313, 323; sales of, 127–28, 132. See also names of speci‹c brands Branigin, William, 165, 218, 241–42 Brazil, 47, 109, 349n. 3 Briggs, Barbara, 236, 246–47 British Trades Union Conference, 39 Brown, Sherrod, 118 Brownstein, Ronald, 148 Brown University, 169, 265, 276 Buck, Rinker, 26, 134 Budgets, cuts in, 149, 150, 152, 170 Bugle Boy, 116 Buildings, condition of, 61, 176 Burma (Myanmar): forced labor in, 103–4, 292; imports from, 105, 320, 350n. 6; wages in, 305 Bush, George H. W., 148–49, 150; administration of, 33, 155, 208, 340n. 15 Bush, George W., 170, 262; administration of, 238, 251 Business for Social Responsibility...