After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States

Index

Index 301 Abdille, Sayyid Mahamad, 112 Abkhazia, 16, 147, 149–51, 154, 250, 252–53 Afghanistan, 156 Aidid, Mohamed Farah, 127 Alliance coalition/Party concept, 54 myth of equality, 55 Almaty agreement, 154 Anwar Ibrahim, 61 Armenia, 147, 158–60, 213, 225–47, 252, 287–88 Armenian Pan-National Movement (ANM), 228 Armstrong, John, 9 Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse, 84 Azerbaijan, 17, 19, 28, 142, 145, 151–52, 154–58, 179, 231, 238 anti-Armenian pogroms in, 230 Azerbaijani SSR, 147, 228 and con›ict with Armenia, 147–48, 225, 231, 234, 242, 252, 287 Bangsa Malaysia, 45, 48 Banyarwanda, 73 “bargain,” the, 53–54 Barisan Nasional, 58 Barre, Mahammad Siad, 120–26 Bazyliuk, Oleksandr, 195 Belarus, 18, 28, 142, 146, 150, 152–54, 158, 196, 197, 201, 202, 209, 210 Russia-Belarus Union, 146, 155, 189, 197 Belarusians, 167, 209 Bevin plan, 113 Biru, 77 “bourgeois nationalism,” 198 Brazauskas, Algirdas, 171, 186, 286 Britain, 49, 111, 113 colonial rule, 52 conservatives in Ukraine, 215 “forward movement” in Malay States, 47 indirect rule in Malaysia, 47 British Malaya, 52 British Somaliland Protectorat, 112 Buhake contract in Rwanda, 77 Bumiputera (Malays and other indigenous people), 58, 61 Caspian Sea, 152, 157 Catholic Church, 79, 81, 82, 90 and Catholics in Lithuania, 181 and Uniate Catholics in Ukraine, 145 Chechen nationalism, 267 Chechen rebels in Georgia, 149, 150 Chernobyl, 145, 160 Chernomyrdin, Viktor 146 China, 48, 50, 65, 156, 157 Chinese, 156 “Baba Chinese,” 50 in Malaya/Malaysia, 45, 47, 48, 52, 56, 63 Malayan Chinese Association (MCA), 51, 53, 55 Chinn, Jeff, 5 Chornovil, V’iacheslav, 213 civic nationalism/nation-building, 19–20, 43, 188, 193, 199, 210, 212, 214 Collective Rapid Reaction Force (CRRF), 157 colonial legacies, 35, 36, 200, 201 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), 194, 198 Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU), 188 “co-national protecting” nationalism, 21, 22, 41, 97, 173, 198, 266, 290 Connor, Walker, 5, 38, 40, 43, 249 constructivism/constructivist, 13, 14, 41, 42, 99, 109, 131, 281, 284, 292 Council of Regions, 199 Crimea, 145, 158, 195, 204–5, 214, 219 Dagahtur, 113, 114 Dallakian, Karlan, 226 Demirchian, Karen, 226, 231–39, 241 Democratic Action Party (DAP), 56 Democratic Labor Party, 171, 173 diasporic nationalism, 281, 291 Djibouti French colony of, 113, 115, 118, 119 Republic of, 111, 115, 116, 124, 126, 127, 283, 284 dual identity, 38–40 dual nationalism, 38 Edinstvo, 167 elites, 13, 14, 15, 17, 37, 45, 46, 47, 49, 52, 53, 63, 65, 75, 109, 112, 114, 121, 129, 130, 143, 149, 225, 257, 281, 293, 294 Armenian, 148, 226, 239 civic, 41 educated/intellectual, 11, 165 ethnic, 34, 41, 53, 54 Georgian, 253, 254, 262, 264, 265, 267, 268 governing/political, 11, 33, 39, 41, 42, 43, 108, 109, 116, 119, 142, 148, 155, 182, 183, 194, 215, 226, 239 Hutu, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85 Lithuanian, 144 Malay, 48, 49, 50–52, 63, 64 nationalist, 6, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 35, 41, 42, 46, 116, 128, 129, 131, 141, 179, 198, 201, 228, 266, 282, 288 Russian, 151 social, 33 Somali, 117, 125–26, 127, 128, 131, 132, 133, 283–84 traditional, 47, 48 Tutsi, 77, 79, 83, 86 Ukrainian, 146, 199, 206, 211 Estonia, 21, 143–44, 158, 213, 260, 291 ethnic con›ict, 8, 9, 11, 20, 46, 109, 131, 133, 156, 179, 225, 249, 251, 265, 269 avoidance of in Ukraine, 204, 213 ethnic nation-protecting nationalism, 20–21 ethnic nation. See nation, ethnic ethnic nationalism. See nationalism, ethnic ethnonationalism, 154, 156, 269, 287, 288 ethnopluralism, 268 European Union (EU), 143, 144, 154, 155, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 183 attitude on membership in Lithuania, 175, 178 and rejoining Europe, 176 external-territory claiming nationalism, 16–17, 22, 41, 64, 265, 290 Fatherland Party, 204–5 Fatherland Union (Conservatives), 171 Fergana Valley, 149, 156 Forces Armées Rwandaises (FAR), 95–97 Gamsakhurdia, Zviad, 149, 256–59, 261, 265, 271 Gazprom, 146, 157–58 Gellner, Ernest, 9, 252 Georgia, 145, 147, 148–50, 151, 152, 154, 158, 227, 248–76, 286, 288, 289 Ghalib, Jama Mohamed, 126, 130 Gitera, Joseph, 85 globalization, 60, 176, 177, 183, 267 and integration with Europe, 176 and nationalist fears (Lithuania), 178 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 142, 191, 192, 228, 230, 231 Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 163 Gulwadhayal, 122 Gurey, Ahmed, 112 GUUAM, 145, 154 I N D E X 302 Habyarmana, Juvenal, 89...