Race, Liberalism, and Economics

Index

Index abolitionism, in nineteenth-century Britain, 88 Ackerman, B., and stakeholder scheme, 234 Adams, C. F., and slow change, 160 adverse selection, and racial bias, 239-42 affirmative action: and merit-based policies, 221; and racial inequality, 231,232 African-Americans (see also blacks): and assimilation compared to Afro-Caribbeans, 81, 172, 181n. 16; and the Enlightenment, 34; and equal opportunity, 182; excluded from social reform, 149; facial characteristics , 48; and fair opportunity, 253; and illicit recreational drugs, 275; implications of their posture, 48-49; improvement of their fate, 50; and incarceration for recreational drugs, 278; and increase in academic employment, 178; and job discrimination, 185; and obstacles to economic success, 171-72; and productivity, 187, 191; and social justice, 253; and the vicious circle, 163-64,246 Africans: and apes, 36, 44; superiority of, 51; viewed as inferior, 32-34 Afro-Caribbeans: and assimilation compared to African-Americans, 172, 18m. 16; and job discrimination , 193--94 Agassiz, L.: and "centers of creation," 3; and monogeny, 37; and polygeny, 38,41; and rigidity of classification, 36 age discrimination, 183 Alcott, A., and stakeholder scheme, 234 Alexander, G. W., and Anti-Slavery Society, 65 Alton Locke (Kingsley), 67 American blacks, and ability to affect market, 15 American slavery, 146 Anatomy of Racial Inequality (Loury), 17-18,238-55 "ancient candelabra," view of race, 29-30 Anderson, E., and constraint of skill acquisition, 248 Anglo-Saxons: and job discrimination, 193--94; and superiority, 124, 129 Anthropological Institute, 47 Anthropological Review, and James Hunt, 124 anthropologists, and evolutionary economics , 152 315 anthropology: development as a social science, 21; and evolution, 47-48; foundation of institutions, 47; racial, 65; and ranking of races, 47-48 anticapitalism, links to proslavery, 86 antislavery: Carlyle's opposition to, 58-59; and industrial society, 90; proponents of, 59; and racial theorizing , 123 316 INDEX Anti-Slavery Reporter, and Carlyle-Mill debate, 76-77 Anti-Slavery Society, 64 apes: and Africans, 36, 44; Christian view of, 26; and G. Cuvier, 24; and Quintus Ennius, 25; and E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 24; and medical comparisons with human beings, 48-49; v. monkeys, 24; and racial debates, 66; and relation to human beings, 24-26 Appiah, K. A., and biological taxonomy ,239 Aquinas, T., 26 Arce, C. H., and discrimination based on skin color, 186 Aristotle: and blacks' skills, 248; and differentiation of species, 27-28; and discrimination 187-90; and "the facial angle," 45; and humans as standing erect, 48; and ideas of race, 24, 25 Armed Forces Qualifying Test (AFQT): interpretations, 188-90; and school quality, 189 Arnold, M., 97 Arrow, K.: and applied policy economics , I; and decisions based on average ability, 173-74; and economics of information, 173, 174; and statistical racism, 127 associationist philosophy, and the mind as a blank slate, 107 Atkinson, A., and flat tax, 234 audits, and job discrimination, 192-94 Augustine, St., and single origin of life, 25-26 autonomy, and markets, 223 Bachman, J., and monogeny, 37 Baker, L. D., and institutionalization of anthropology, 48 Battell, A., empirical data in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, 23, 24 Bean, R. B., and brain research, 46 Becker, G.: and Chicago school, 56; and consumption capital, 7I; and defenders of his theory, 171; and distribution of resources, 209-10; Economics of Discrimination, 164; and failure to persuade some economists , 170; and intertemporal decision making, 124; and neoclassical theory of discrimination, 164-66; and optimism of his model, 169; and positive time preference, 139; and structural discrimination, 175-77; and taste for discrimination, 194-95 Bentham, J., and theory of human nature, 106, 107 Bergmann, B., and the dual labor market , 176 Berlin, 1., and liberty, 209 Bernier, F.: and counting number of races, 30; and Europeans v. Laplanders ,33 Bertrand, M., and audit technique, 193-94 biased social cognition, 242 biological taxonomy, and classification of humans, 238-39 black progress, and factors that impede it, 250 blacks (see also African-Americans): and ability to improve, 159-60; and Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT), 188-90,248; arrest and conviction record, 248; and "black"sounding names, 193-94; and black/white earnings differential, 182, 191; and causes of their predicament, 251; and the Chicago school,259-60,261, 264-65;and classical liberal/modern liberal debate, 259-60; and competitive advantage, 160; and culture problem , 253-54; and demand for labor, 209; and distribution of wealth, 210; and economic advancement, 153, 156; and economic justice, 209; and the economic structure, 253; and [18.221.187.121...