Protest and the Politics of Blame: The Russian Response to Unpaid Wages

Appendix B. Survey Questions

Appendix B Survey Questions Q2 What do you think is the single most serious problem facing Russia today? [OPEN-ENDED. RECORD VERBATIM. ALLOW ONLY ONE RESPONSE.] Q10 In the past six months—that is, since March 1998—have your wages/pension/stipend generally been paid on time, been paid less than a month late, been paid more than a month late, or not been paid at all? [USE SEPARATE CODE FOR “unemployed.”] For those who have been paid more than a month late or not been paid at all, .1 In the past six months, how much of your back wages/pension /stipend for previous months have you received? All, more than half, about half, less than half, none. [HAND CARD AND READ ALOUD. USE SEPARATE CODE FOR “unemployed.”] Q11 Are you currently owed any back wages or pension payments? Yes, no, unemployed If yes, .1 For how many months are you owed? [RECORD ACTUAL NUMBER OF MONTHS. IF OWED NO WAGES OR PENSION PAYMENTS, CODE AS “0.”] Q12 In the past six months, how many times have you received goods of some kind instead of your actual salary? [RECORD ACTUAL NUMBER. USE SEPARATE CODE FOR “unemployed.”] Q14 As I read the names of some people, organizations, and things, please tell me whether you think they [HAND CARD AND READ ALOUD] are very guilty, somewhat guilty, not very guilty, not at all 247 guilty for causing [vozniknovenie] the “nonpayments” problem in Russia? .1 Central authorities .2 Local authorities .3 Enterprises/enterprise managers .4 General economic situation/transition period .5 International organizations/foreign governments .6 The people themselves Q15 Who or what do you think is mainly [bolshe vsego] guilty for causing the “nonpayments” problem? [HAND CARD AND READ ALOUD. ACCEPT ONLY ONE RESPONSE. ACCEPT AS VOLUNTEERED ONLY: don’t know/dif‹cult to answer] 1 Central authorities [GO TO #15.1] 2 Local authorities [GO TO #15.2] 3 Enterprises/enterprise managers [GO TO #15.3] 4 General economic situation/transition period [GO TO #15.4] 5 International organizations/foreign governments [GO TO #16] 6 The people themselves [GO TO #16] 7 Some other person or organization [Who or what speci‹cally? _______________] [GO TO #16] .1 [IF CENTRAL AUTHORITIES] More speci‹cally, who or what in the central government do you think is mainly [bolshe vsego] guilty for causing the “nonpayments” problem? [HAND CARD AND READ ALOUD. ACCEPT ONLY ONE RESPONSE. ACCEPT AS VOLUNTEERED ONLY: don’t know/dif‹cult to answer] 1 Parliament (either State Duma or Federation Council or both) 2 Central Bank 3 Acting Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin 4 Former Vice Premier Anatoly Chubais 5 Former Deputy Premier Boris Nemtsov 6 President Boris Yeltsin 7 Central government as a whole—It is dif‹cult to name any speci‹c individuals or institutions 8 Other [Who or what speci‹cally? _______________] .2 [IF LOCAL AUTHORITIES] More speci‹cally, who or what 248 Appendixes in the local government do you think is mainly [bolshe vsego] guilty for causing the “nonpayments” problem? [HAND CARD AND READ ALOUD. ACCEPT ONLY ONE RESPONSE. ACCEPT AS VOLUNTEERED ONLY: don’t know/dif‹cult to answer] 1 Oblast/republic/krai governor/president 2 Oblast/republic/krai legislature 3 City/village executive 4 City/village legislature 5 Local authorities as a whole—It is dif‹cult to name any speci‹c individuals or institutions 6 Other [Who or what speci‹cally? _______________] .3 [IF ENTERPRISES/ENTERPRISE MANAGERS] More speci‹cally [HAND CARD], is the nonpayments crisis mainly because many enterprises are not generating enough revenue to pay workers, because many wealthy enterprises are not paying taxes, because leaders of enterprises keep pro‹t for themselves rather than pay workers, because leaders of enterprises spend on bills or other business needs instead of paying workers, or because of some other business problem? [ACCEPT ONLY ONE RESPONSE. ACCEPT AS VOLUNTEERED ONLY: don’t know/dif‹cult to answer] 1 Many enterprises are not generating enough revenue to pay workers 2 Many wealthy enterprises are not paying taxes 3 Leaders of enterprises keep pro‹t for themselves rather than pay workers 4 Leaders of enterprises spend on bills or other business needs instead of paying workers 5 Other business problem [What speci‹cally? _____________] .4 [IF GENERAL ECONOMIC SITUATION/TRANSITION PERIOD] More speci‹cally [HAND CARD], is the nonpayments crisis mainly due to incorrect reforms, the natural dif‹culties of implementing correct reforms, or some...