I Don't Sound Like Nobody: Remaking Music in 1950s America

Notes

Notes introduction 1. Gunther Schuller, The Swing Era (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 6. chapter 1 1. Thomas Allen Green‹eld, Radio: A Reference Guide (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1989), 5. 2. Joe Carlton, “Columbia Pro‹ts Jumped 850% in 1946, Industry Dough Swirls for Majors,” Billboard (29 March 1947), 16. 3. Arnold Passman, The Deejays (New York: Macmillan, 1971), 114. 4. Richard Schroeder, Texas Signs On: The Early Days of Radio and Television (College Station, Tex.: Texas A&M University Press, 1998), 4. 5. Bing Crosby and Pete Martin, Call Me Lucky: Bing Crosby’s Own Story (New York: Da Capo Press, 2001), 150. 6. Ibid., 152. 7. “Radio Row: One Thing and Another,” New York Times (25 August 1946), 55. 8. Philip K. Eberly, Music in the Air: America’s Changing Tastes in Popular Music , 1920–1980 (New York: Hastings House, 1982), 76. 9. David B. Carson, memo to Assistant Secretary Huston (27 January 1922), U.S. National Archives, Record Group 173, cited in Michael Biel, “The Making and Use of Recordings in Broadcasting before 1936,” PhD diss., Northwestern University, 1977, 230–31. 10. Cited in Biel, “The Making and Use of Recordings,” 232. 11. Federal Radio Commission, “Statement Made by the Commission on August 23, 1928, Relative to Public Interest, Convenience, or Necessity, 2 FRC Ann. Rep. 166 (1928),” cited in Biel, “The Making and Use of Recordings,” 603–4. 12. Reported in Broadcast Advertising (December 1929), 41, cited in Biel, “The Making and Use of Recordings,” 606. 13. Reported in Broadcasting (15 February 1932), 14, cited in Biel, “The Making and Use of Recordings,” 617. 14. Reported in Broadcasting (1 June 1933), 6, cited in Biel, “The Making and Use of Recordings,” 620. 15. Reported in Broadcasting (1 February 1936), 7, 58, cited in Biel, “The Making and Use of Recordings,” 635. 16. These organizations are, respectively, the American Society for Composers, Authors and Publishers; National Association of Broadcasters; Music Publishers Protective Association; Songwriters Protective Association; National Association of Performing Artists; American Federation of Musicians; Major Markets Group; and Independent Radio Network Af‹liates. 243 17. “The Pied Piper of Chi,” Time (26 January 1948), 19. 18. E. T. Cunningham to David Sarnoff (10 October 1933), NBC, cited in Biel, “Making and Use of Recordings,” 644. 19. The Statutes at Large of the United States of America, from December, 1895, to March, 1897 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Of‹ce, 1897), 481–82. 20. Cited in Lucia S. Schultz, “Performing-Rights Societies in the United States,” Notes (March 1979), 513. 21. ASCAP Articles of Association, Article 111: 2, cited in John Ryan, The Production of Culture in the Music Industry: The ASCAP-BMI Controversy (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1985), 53. 22. Cited in Ryan, The Production of Culture, 63, 69. 23. Quoted in “Rock ’n’ Roll Laid to B.M.I. Control,” New York Times (19 September 1956), 75. 24. “An Editorial,” Billboard (30 January 1961), 13. 25. “Buck Holds Radio Kills Songs Today,” New York Times (9 September 1936), 30. 26. Quoted in Virginia Waring, Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997), 138. 27. Ibid., 139 (emphasis in original). 28. Waring v. WDAS Broadcasting Station, 327 Pa. 433, 435, 194 A. 631, 632 (Pa. 1937). 29. Waring v. WDAS Broadcasting Station, 327 Pa. 433, 435, 194 A. 631, 632 (Pa. 1937). 30. Waring v. WDAS Broadcasting Station, 327 Pa. 433, 439–440, 194 A. 631, 634 (Pa. 1937). 31. Waring v. WDAS Broadcasting Station, 327 Pa. 433, 439–440, 194 A. 631, 634 (Pa. 1937). 32. Waring v. WDAS Broadcasting Station, 327 Pa. 433, 441, 194 A. 631, 635 (Pa. 1937). 33. RCA Mfg. Co. v. Whiteman, 114 F.2d 86, 90 (C.A.2 1940). 34. RCA Mfg. Co. v. Whiteman, 28 F.Supp. 787, 789 (D.C.N.Y. 1939). 35. Waring, Fred Waring, 141. 36. RCA Mfg. Co. v. Whiteman, 28 F.Supp. 787, 789 (D.C.N.Y. 1939); RCA Mfg. Co. v. Whiteman 28 F.Supp. 787, 791 (D.C.N.Y. 1939). 37. RCA Mfg. Co. v. Whiteman, 28 F.Supp. 787 (D.C.N.Y. 1939). 38. “Court Limits Rule of a Record’s Use,” New York Times (17 December 1940), 28. 39. RCA Mfg. Co. v. Whiteman, 114 F.2d 86 (C.A.2 1940). 40. RCA Mfg. Co. v. Whiteman, 114 F.2d 86, 88 (C.A.2 1940). 41. RCA Mfg. Co. v. Whiteman, 114 F.2d 86, 89 (C...