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Illustrations Figures 1. Turnout (Voting Age Population) in Initiative versus Noninitiative States 44 2. Turnout (Voting Age Population) in Midterm Elections 45 3. Turnout (Voting Age Population) in Presidential Elections 46 Boxes 1. Which States Have Higher Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections, 1972–2000? 41 2. Which States Have Higher Voter Turnout in Midterm Elections, 1970–2002? 43 3. Who Votes? Individual-Level Analysis 49 4. What Is the Effect of Exposure to Ballot Initiatives on an Individual’s Probability of Voting? 51 5. Who Is More Informed about Politics? 62 6. Who Is More Interested in Politics? 65 7. Who Is More Likely to Discuss Politics? 67 8. Which States Have Higher Social Capital? 70 9. Who Has More External Ef‹cacy or Con‹dence in Government Responsiveness, 1988–98 Elections? 84 10. What Is the Impact of Initiative Use on the Number of Interest Group Organizations (in 1997) in the States? 101 11. Who Contributes to Interest Groups? 106 x ILLUSTRATIONS ...

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