The U.S. Army Stability Operations Field Manual: U.S. Army Field Manual No. 3-07

Appendix A: Interagency, Intergovernmental, and Nongovernmental Organizations in Stability Operations

6 October 2008 FM 3-07 A-1 Appendix A Interagency, Intergovernmental, and Nongovernmental Organizations in Stability Operations BACKGROUND A-1. Stability operations include a wide array of actors with various experiences , resources, mandates, and capabilities. This requires forging a comprehensive approach with a shared understanding and appreciation for the intended end state. This approach is both the overall goal and the greatest challenge to mission accomplishment. Many actors cannot be compelled to work within a coalition, nor do they have any incentive to do so. Therefore, military forces must build strong relationships through cooperation and coordination. This appendix provides a limited overview of certain interagency, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental organizations that U.S. forces can expect to operate alongside during stability operations. INTERAGENCY ORGANIZATIONS A-2. Military forces conduct stability operations under the authority of the President of the United States, in accordance with treaties, conventions , and executive and other agreements; statutory laws; and Federal and agency regulations. These operations are conceived and implemented through an interagency process under the general direction and supervision of the National Security Council and its staff. Normally, specific agencies such as the Department of State (DOS), Department of Defense (DOD), and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) are designated as having the lead in the interagency working groups. These groups do the bulk of the day-to-day work involved in implementing policy. (See appendix B for a discussion of the Interagency Management System.) NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL A-3. The National Security Council (NSC) advises and assists the President in integrating all aspects of the national security policy—domestic, Appendix A A-2 FM 3-07 6 October 2008 foreign, military, intelligence, and economic (in conjunction with the National Economic Council). The NSC system is the principal forum for considering national security issues requiring presidential decisions. The NSC system provides the foundation for interagency coordination in developing and implementing national security policy. It is the only level of the executive branch in which authoritative direction to the various departments can be given. The functions, membership, and responsibilities of the NSC were set forth in National Security Presidential Directive 1. A-4. The members of the NSC include the President, the Vice President, the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of Defense. The Director of National Intelligence regularly attends NSC meetings as a cabinet officer. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff attends NSC meetings and serves as a statutory advisor. Other regular NSC meeting attendees include the Secretary of Treasury, the assistant to the President for national security affairs (referred to as the national security advisor), the assistant to the President for economic policy, and the chief of staff to the President . Heads of executive departments and agencies and other senior officials , such as the United States permanent representative to the United Nations (UN), may be invited to attend meetings of the NSC on an ad hoc basis. The NSC staff tracks and directs the development and implementation of national security policies for the President. DEPARTMENT OF STATE A-5. The DOS is the United States Government (USG) agency responsible for planning and implementing the foreign policy of the United States. The DOS is headed by the Secretary of State, who is the ranking member of the President’s cabinet and fourth in presidential succession. The Secretary of State is the President’s principal advisor for conducting foreign affairs and formulating foreign policy. In its diplomatic role, the DOS is an important source of foreign affairs data, national security and economic information, and information on the policies and inner workings of countries. In its consular function, it provides notarial and citizenship services to American citizens abroad and assists in implementing U.S. immigration and naturalization laws. Country Team A-6. The country team is the senior, in-country, U.S. coordinating and supervising body, headed by the chief of the U.S. diplomatic mission, and composed of the senior member of each represented U.S. department or agency, as desired by the chief of the U.S. diplomatic mission (JP 307 .4). The team composition varies widely depending on specific U.S. national interests, the desires of the ambassador, the situation in the coun- Interagency, Intergovernmental, and Nongovernmental Organizations 6 October 2008 FM 3-07 A-3 try, and the number and level of presence of U.S. agencies. Figure A-1 shows possible members of the country team. Figure A-1. Country...