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Index Abel, I. W., 81 Abolitionism, 37 Acid rain, 112 Action Canada Network, 123–24, 129 Activists: in Canada, 113–15; global trade agreements and, 4, 24; group formed to examine trade issues, 122–23. See also Environmental issues; Nader, Ralph; Ritchie, Mark; specific acts and individuals ACTPN. See Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN) Adams, John Quincy, 168 Ad Hoc Working Group on Trade and Environmentally Sustainable Development, 153–54, 155 Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN), 119–20, 182 Agnew, Spiro, 61 Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), 90 Agriculture: Bush, GATT, and, 150–63; exports, 48; in late nineteenth century, 43–44; Reagan, GATT, and, 142–50; trade regulation and, 78–79. See also Farmers Air pollution standards, 123 Alliance for Responsible Trade, 161 Amendments. See specific amendments “America First” policy, 85–109 American Antislavery Society, 37 American Selling Price, 205 n23 American system, 34 Amstutz, Daniel G., 144, 151 Anticommunism, 55, 92–93 Antidumping code, 65 Antislavery movement, 37–38 Arab world: OPEC and, 74; Yom Kippur War and, 75–76 Archer, Bill, 78 Aridjis, Homero, 128 Arthur, Chester, 47 Asia, 92 Atwood, Margaret, 108, 114 Audley, John, 135 Bairoch, Paul, 200 n63 Baldwin, Robert E., 67, 70, 204 n6 Banking, deregulation of, 14 Barlow, Maude, 1, 113, 127, 173 Barriers to trade: foreign, 99; nontariff, 16. See also Nontariff trade barriers (NTBs); Protectionism; Regulation Beef hormones, 152–53, 227 n55 Beef producers, 152 Bentsen, Lloyd, 101–2, 118 Berne Convention (1905), 44, 183 Berry, Wendell, 108 Bhagwati, Jagdish, 193n37 Bidwell, Percy, 31, 49, 59–60 Big business, 44; protection for, 107. See also Business Big Green proposition (California), 157 Bilateral reciprocity, 100 Blackwelder, Brent, 159 Boggs, Hale, 66 Bonior, David, 119 Boom and bust cycles, 39 Border measures, 15–16 Boston Tea Party, 2 Boycotts, colonial, 32 Brander, James, 95 Bretton Woods, 107 Brock, William S., 99 Brown, Hank, 171 Brown, Jerry, 4, 5, 117 Brundtland, Gro, 116 Buchanan, James, 36 Buchanan, Patrick J., 1, 4, 5, 23, 136, 172, 177, 179, 180; Uruguay Round and, 166 Budget deficit, 106 Burke, James F., 73, 76–77 Burke-Hartke. See Foreign Trade and Investment Act (Burke-Hartke) (1972) Bush, George H. W., 3; agricultural trade policy of, 143–44, 150–63; labor standards and, 162; NAFTA and, 116, 117, 124, 131 Bush Memorandum, on U.S.-Mexico cooperation, 222 n99 Business: protectionism and, 42; regulation of, 58–59. See also Big business Butz, Earl L., 78 “Buy America” provisions, 70, 77 Cairns Group, 226 n46 Calleo, David, 91 Campbell, Bruce, 113 Canada: environmental groups in, 112, 132; FTA and, 110–16; trade activists in, 5; trade agreement critics in, 129–30. See also North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA); U.S./Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Capitalism, 35; costs of, 15; free trade and, 38–39 Carnegie, Andrew, 35 Carter, Jimmy, 86–87; environment and, 106–7; regulation under, 13 Castañeda, Jorge G., 108 Cavanagh, John, 173 CED. See Committee on Economic Development (CED) China, Nixon and, 75 Choate, Pat, 92, 94, 135 Christiansen, Eric, 154, 159 Citizens groups. See specific groups Citizens’ Trade Campaign (CTC), 125–27, 159 Civil War: protectionism after, 39–40. See also Slavery Clarke, Tony, 114, 127, 173 Clay, Henry, 34 Cline, William, 100 Clinton, William Jefferson, 1–2, 140; GATT and, 163–66; NAFTA and, 129, 131–34; Uruguay Round and, 161, 167, 171; and WTO, 25–26 CNI. See Community Nutrition Institute (CNI) Cobb, John, Jr., 107 “Code for Preventing Technical Barriers to Trade.” See Standards Code Codes: governing NTBs, 86; Standards Code from Tokyo Round, 87–90 Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), 150; pesticide standards of, 153, 155; study of, 156 Cohen, Marjorie, 113 Colonies, tariffs in, 32 Commercial policies, 15 Committee on Economic Development (CED), 67, 182 Common Frontiers, 127 Common market, North American, 117 Communism: collapse of, 92; trade, human rights issues, and, 60; trade and, 55 Community Nutrition Institute (CNI), 118, 149, 152 Comparative advantage, 95–96; defined, xix Competition, fear of, 85–86 Competitiveness: lobbies for, 105; protectionism , deregulation, and, 101–6 Compromise, by Founding Fathers, 33 Congress: food safety and, 153; GATT and, 17; GATT/WTO debate by, 167–73; hearings on trade policy, 66; labor rights and, 68; NAFTA and, 118–19, 136–40; NTBs and, 65, 66–68; protectionism and, 97–101; support for CTC and MODTLE in, 127; Tokyo Round and, 88; Trade Act of 1974 and, 79–84; trade policy and, 18–19; trade...

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