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Notes Chapter 1 1. N.a., “The New Trade War,” Economist, 4 December 1999, 25–26; www.ictsd.org/wto_daily/index.htm, David E. Sanger and Joseph Kahn, “A Chaotic Intersection of Tear Gas and Trade Talks,” New York Times, 1 December 1999, A14; and Mercury News Wire Services, “Notebook,” San Jose Mercury News, 30 November 1999. 2. N.a., “The Battle in Seattle,” Economist, 26 November 1999; and Bruce Ramsey, “Morality vs. Right to Choose in Trade Debate,” Seattle Post Intelligencer, 24 November 1999. 3. Susan Ariel Aaronson, “The Word on the Street,” www.intellectualcapital.com/issues/issue316/item7094.asp. 4. Excerpts from press conference by President William Jefferson Clinton, 8 December 1999; and excerpts from press briefing by Joe Lockhart, 6 December 1999, both on WTO Third Ministerial Conference Web site, www.wto.org. 5. Statement by Michael Moore at www.wto.org/wto/new/press160.htm. 6. Editorial, “WTO: Disaster in Seattle,” and Guy de Jonquieres and Frances Williams, “Seattle: A Goal Beyond Reach,” both in Financial Times, 6 December 1999. 7. A. V. Ganesa, former commerce secretary of India, “WTO Protesters Didn’t Speak for Me,” Washington Post, 5 December 1999; Anne Swardson, “A Rorschach Test on Trade,” Washington Post, 3 December 1999, A32; John Burgess and Rene Sanchez, “Clinton ’s Remarks on Sanctions Open Rift,” Washington Post, 3 December 1999; and Helene Cooper, “Poor Countries Are Demonstrators’ Strongest Critics,” Wall Street Journal, 2 December 1999. In the United States, many business leaders and some Republican members of Congress do not think trade policies should address social issues such as food safety or labor standards . I. M. Destler, AmericanTrade Politics: System Under Stress (Washington: Institute for International Economics, 1995), 285–86; and Geza Feketekeuty with Bruce Stokes, Trade Strategies for a New Era: Ensuring U.S. Leadership in a Global Economy (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998), 259–98. 8. On the Boston Tea Party, see Terrence H Witkowski, “Colonial Consumers in Revolt : Buyer Values and Behavior During the Nonimportation Movement, 1764–1776,” Journal of Consumer Research 16 (September 1989): 219–20; on the slave trade protests, see Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998), 41, esp. n. 3. 9. “Time for Another Round,” Economist, 3 October 1998; “China: WTO Gathering Marred by Globalization Protests,” China Daily, 8 July 1998; “Supplement: What Limits to Free Trade?” Le Monde, 25 May 1998; and “WTO Prepares Key Events Amid Street Protests, Asian Troubles,” Agence France Presse International, 15 May 1998. 10. Guy de Jonquieres, “Rules for the Regulators,” Financial Times, 2 March 1998, 19. 11. Keck and Sikkink, Activists Beyond Borders, 41–47; and Percy W Bidwell, The Invisible Tariff: A Study of the Control of Imports into the United States (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1939), 106–7, 109–11. 12. President’s Council of Economic Advisors, Economic Report of the President 1993 (Washington: GPO, 1993), on reducing services, 109–12; on deregulation, 24, 170–73; on trade, 311, 315, 318. 13. Steve Charnovitz, “Environmental and Labour Standards in Trade,” World Economy (May 1992): 335–55; John Judis, “Campaign Issues: Trade,” Columbia Journalism Review (November/December 1992): 38–39: and David Vogel, Trading Up: Consumer and Environmental Regulation in a Global Economy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997), 20. 14. David W Pearce, ed., The MIT Dictionary of Modern Economics, 4th ed. (Cambridge , MA: MIT Press, 1992), 425. 15. Patrick J Buchanan, The Great Betrayal: How American Sovereignty and Social Justice Are Being Sacrificed to the Gods of the Global Economy (Boston: Little, Brown, 1998), 107, 264–69, 313; and Ralph Nader, “Introduction,” in Ralph Nader et al., The Case Against Free Trade (San Francisco: Earth Island, 1993), 1–12. 16. Save Our Sovereignty, “Opposition to World Trade Organization Grows Across Political Spectrum,” press release, 13 June 1994. Save Our Sovereignty was a coalition of economic nationalists and conservative activists run out of the U.S. Business and Industrial Council, 122 C St. NW, #815, Washington, DC 20001. 17. On GATT, see Susan Ariel Aaronson, Trade and the American Dream (Lexington : University of Kentucky Press, 1996), 147–66. On NAFTA, see John J. Audley, Green Politics and Global Trade (Washington: Georgetown University Press, 1997), 155–63. On Schlafly, see www.eagleforum.org/column, for 29 February 1996 and 31 October 1996. 18. On Jerry Brown and concerns of the left, see Edmund G. Brown Jr., “Free Trade is not Free,” in The Case...