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Notes INTRODUCTION 1. Joan Sayre, review of The Breaking of Bodies and Minds, by Eric Stover & Elena O. Nightingale, Contemporary Sociology 16 (1987): 543; Daniel Chirot, review of Torture and Modernity, by Darius M. Rejali, Contemporary Sociology 23 (1994): 680. 2. Mark Bowden, “The Dark Art of Interrogation,” Atlantic Monthly, Oct. 2003 (“the gloves came off”); Dana Priest & Barton Gellman, “U.S. Decries Abuse but Defends Interrogations,” Washington Post, 26 Dec. 2002, A1. 3. For criticism of this dynamic, see Alice Ristroph,“Professors Strangelove,” Green Bag 2d 11 (2008): 243. 4. Walter Pincus, “Silence of 4 Terror Probe Suspects Poses Dilemma for FBI,” Washington Post, 21 Oct. 2001, A6; Jim Rutenberg, “Torture Seeps into Discussion by News Media,” New York Times, 5 Nov. 2001, C1; Priest & Gellman; Dale Van Natta Jr., “Questioning Terror Suspects in a Dark and Surreal World,” New York Times, 9 Mar. 2003, sec. 1, 14; Jess Bravin & Gary Fields,“How Do U.S. Interrogators Make a Captured Terrorist Talk?” Wall Street Journal, 4 Mar. 2003, B1. For human rights groups, see Amnesty International, Amnesty International Criticizes U.S. Handling of Terror Suspects (5 Mar. 2003); Human Rights Watch, Reports of Torture of Al-Qaeda Suspects (27 Dec. 2002). 5. Richard W. Stevenson, “Bush, on Arab TV, Denounces Abuse of Iraqi Captives,” New York Times, 6 May 2004, A1. 6. E.g., James Risen, David Johnston & Neil Lewis, “Harsh Methods Cited in Top Qaeda Interrogations,” New York Times, 13 May 2004, A10; Neil A. Lewis, “Broad Use of Harsh Tactics Is Described at Cuba Base,” New York Times, 17 Oct. 2004, A1. 7. Terence Hunt, “Bush Calls Human Rights Report ‘Absurd,’” Associated Press, 31 May 2005; White House, President Discusses Creation of Military Commissions to Try Suspected Terrorists (6 Sept. 2006). 8. The 2005 report is at http://www.amnesty.org. In an accompanying press release, titled Selective U.S. Prosecutions in Torture Scandal Underscore International Obligation to Investigate U.S. Of‹cials, Amnesty USA advocated an international investigation and the possible arrest of U.S. of‹cials. 9. Jay S. Bybee, Assistant Attorney General, Memorandum for Alberto R. Gonzales, Counsel to the President, re: Standards of Conduct for Interrogation under 18 U.S.C. §§ 2340–2340A (1 Aug. 2002), in Karen J. Greenberg & Joshua L. Dratel eds., The Torture Papers (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2005), 176. 10. Working Group Report on Detainee Interrogations in the Global War on Terrorism: Assessment of Legal, Historical, Policy, and Operational Considerations (4 Apr. 2003), in Greenberg & Dratel, 294. 11. Convention against Torture and Other Forms of Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, art. 1 ¶ 1, art. 16 ¶ 1 (1984), 1465 U.N.T.S. 85. 221 12. Id., art. 2 ¶ 2. 13. Greek Case, Yearbook of the European Convention on Human Rights 12 (1969): 501. 14. Nigel S. Rodley, The Treatment of Prisoners under International Law, 2nd ed. (Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press, 1999), 104. 15. Lt. Gen. Ricardo S. Sanchez, Memorandum re: CJTF-7 Interrogation and CounterRealisation Policy (14 Sept. 2003), in Jameel Jaffer & Amrit Singh eds., Administration of Torture (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2007), A-231. 16. E.g., Alfred W. McCoy, A Question of Torture (New York: Henry Holt, Owl Books 2006), 127. For a possible source of “knowledge” about an apparently monolithic Arab culture and psychology, see the discussion in Jane Mayer, The Dark Side (New York: Doubleday, 2008), 167–68. 17. Headquarters, Joint Task Force—Guantánamo, Camp Delta Standard Operating Procedures (1 Mar. 2004), 6.2–6.3, ch. 16; Robert Burns, “U.S. Con‹rms Gitmo Soldier Kicked Quran,” Associated Press, 3 June 2005; Pamela Hess,“Cause and Effect—Another Look at Newsweek,” United Press, 16 May 2005. 18. Carol D. Leonnig & Dana Priest,“Detainees Accuse Female Interrogators,”Washington Post, 10 Feb. 2005, A1; Paisley Dodds,“Gitmo Soldier Details Sexual Tactics,” Associated Press, 28 Jan. 2005; “Torture Policy,” Washington Post, 16 June 2004, A26; Neil A. Lewis,“Red Cross Found Abuses at Abu Ghraib Last Year,” New York Times, 11 May 2004, A13; Andrew Miga,“War on Terror; ‘Stain on Our Honor’; Prez Backs Rumsfeld, Apologizes ,” Boston Herald, 7 May 2004, 5. 19. Uwe Siemon-Netto, “Analysis: Horror over Women Torturers,” United Press, 6 May 2004. See also Seymour M. Hersh, Chain of Command (New York: HarperCollins, 2004), 23–24; McCoy, 129–30; Philippe Sands, Torture Team (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 166–67. 20. See Joseba Zulaika & William A. Douglass, Terror and Taboo (New York: Routledge , 1996), 72, 104–5. 21. John F. Harris,“Bush...

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