Worse than the Devil: Anarchists, Clarence Darrow, and Justice in a Time of Terror

Index

257 Index Actors’ Equity strike (New York, 1919), 74 Addams, Jane, 10 Adler, Oscar, 82, 88–90 Algren, Nelson, 68 Allis-Chalmers Co., 13, 74 Altgeld, John Peter, 153 ambulance chasers, 78, 231n41 American Federation of Labor (AFL), Rubin as counsel to, 71 American Railway Union, 146 American Socialist, 64 “America the Beautiful,” 46, 221n32 anarchists, 23–42; Americans’ wartime response to, 67; arrests of, 33, 70; Bay View riot role of, 37, 41–42 (see also under Bay View riot trial); on Czolgosz, 29; deportation of, 32, 216n42; ethnic, 25; images of, 34–35; Italian, history of, 25; and labor activists/socialists, 26–27; mobilization of laborers by, 37–40; newspapers read by, 25; optimism of, 24; oratory and writings of, 26–27; in Paterson, 40–41; publications of, 31, 40–41, 215–16n34; on religion, 42; types of, 25–26, 218n65; utopianism of, 23–24; on violence, 24–26, 29–30; on war, 24–25, 41, 214n6. See also Circolo di Studi Sociali; Goldman, Emma; radicals Antolini, Ella, 128 appeals: bill of exceptions in, 158–59; court reporters in, 157–58; lawyers in, 154–55; length of, 157; losing party’s responsibilities in, 157; “May it please the court” used in, 164, 249n14; in 1918 vs. today, 157–58, 167–68; reversals following, 157; vs. writs of error, 248n2. See also Bay View riot appeal Appleton Volks Freund, 34 Arc of Justice (Boyle), 244n41 attempt to commit an offense, 193–94 Attentat (violent act or attack; propaganda by deed), 29–30, 56 Austro-Hungarian immigrants, 6, 41, 209n17 Avrich, Paul: on the Bay View riot, 43; on the Circolo di Studi Sociali, 44; on Cronaca Sovversiva, 41; on ethnic anarchists, 25; on the Milwaukee bombing, 43, 128, 191 Backus, August Charles: appearance of, 110; death of, 179; at funeral of bombing victims, 15; as Milwaukee Sentinel publisher, 179; pardon petition, response to, 177, 190–91; re-election of, 96, 171; in the Schrank case, 113–14; testimony in grand jury investigation of Zabel, 192. See also Bay View riot appeal; Bay View riot trial Bakunin, Mikhail, 25–26, 31 Baldazza, John, 63 Page references in italics indicate illustrations. Unless otherwise indicated, businesses, organizations, and events are in Milwaukee. In subentries, “Darrow” refers to Clarence Darrow, “Giuliani” refers to August Giuliani, and “Zabel” refers to Winfred Zabel. 258 Index Ball Players Union, 232–33n74 Bartelt, Arthur H., 107, 162–64, 177, 184 Bates, Katharine Lee, 221n32 Bay View (Wisconsin): geography of, 7; houses in, 45–46; map of, 7. See also Italians of Bay View Bay View riot (1917), 4; anarchism’s role in, 37, 41–42, 53–57, 224n118; Avrich on, 43; caps on and coats buttoned, significance of, 46– 47; casualties of, 49–52; causes of, 18–19, 53–57, 215n20; eleven Italians arrested/jailed in, 19, 22, 43 (see also Bay View riot trial); Giuliani blamed for, 58; Giuliani’s church group at the rally, 42–45, 53–55, 57; gun battle at, 48–49, 222n55; IWW linked to, 63–65, 199; LaDuca’s audience confronts Giuliani’s group, 45–48, 221n35, 221n47; LaDuca’s speech before, 44–45; linked to bombing at police station, 55, 133; media coverage of, 52–56, 215n20, 224n118; police presence at, 47–49, 51, 57, 221n48, 222n50, 222n55; police presence at previous rallies, 56–57, 225n135; religion’s role in, 54–56; weather conditions during, 44, 220n12 Bay View riot appeal: bill of exceptions in, 159–60, 184; Darrow’s role in, 140–41, 151, 154, 159–60, 163–64, 183–84; defendants treated as individuals in, 167–70; defense briefs in, 160–62; defense fund for, 138, 140, 242n21; Goldman’s role in, 138–41, 242n21; grand jury investigation into corruption of, 181–90, 192, 253n67; media coverage of, 171; oral argument scheduled, 162; public reaction to the decision, 170–71; Rubin’s role in, 139–42; Sissman’s role in, 141, 155, 159– 60; state’s brief in, 162; supreme court justices in, 165; supreme court’s decision in, 166–70,173,188–89, 250n29; Vinje’sremarks on Backus, 169; Zabel agrees with bill of exceptions, 160; Zabel’s oral argument in, 164; Zabel’s reaction to the decision, 171, 190 Bay View riot investigation: Carchidi as informant during, 61–62; Giuliani as translator in, 60– 61, 126–27; Italian community’s silence during, 57–58; police roundup of Italians, 51–52, 57–58; police searches/seizures, 58– 59, 64; police target the Nardini home, 52, 224n111; suspects...