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Index
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273 Index Acre, 49, 59–60, 148, 178. See also west ern Am a zon re gion in Bra zil ACS (American Com mu nity Sur vey), 6, 44, 77–78, 8485, 91, 93, 98, 206 Afro-Brazilian iden tity, 230. See also Bra zil ian iden tity agrar ian set tle ments: ag ri cul tu ral work ers in South Amer ica, 7, 140–42, 144, 146, 148, 236n2; con sol i da tion into large hold ings, 7, 139, 143, 145, 148; mech a ni za tion of ag ri cul ture in, 7, 139, 140, 141, 145, 146; Par a guay, 7, 139–42, 140–42, 144, 236n2; re turn mi gra tion, 140–41. See also land own er ship Al i ança Bras i leira dos Es ta dos Uni dos (ABE or Bra zil ian Al li ance of the United States), 183–84 Am a zon re gion of west ern Bra zil, 49, 58–60, 81, 96, 139, 148, 178, 235n5 American Com mu nity Sur vey (ACS), 6, 44, 77–78, 84–85, 91, 93, 98, 206 am nesty pro grams, 66, 174, 183–84, 213, 227, 237n6; En gland, 174; Eu rope, 66, 174; U.S., 183–84, 213, 227, 237n6. See also im mi gra tion pol i cies an ces try, and im mi gra tion to Eu ro pean coun tries, 59, 63, 65–66, 104, 118–19, 235n2 anti-immigrant at ti tudes and be hav ior: Japan, 198; poorer im mi grants, 63–65; un doc u mented im mi grants, 212; U.S., 75, 81–84, 86–88, 92, 188, 196, 212, 235n5 Ar gen tina, 4, 5, 7, 138, 139, 142, 146–48, 191, 235n6 Assis, Glaúcia de Ol i veira, 153 At lanta, Geor gia, 25, 91–92, 196 Aus tra lia, 5, 7, 121, 121, 133–35, 174–75, 199– 200, 236n5, 237n2 Bap tist churches, 13, 169, 171–72, 212 Barth, Frede rick, 191 bat u cada (Bra zil ian drum ming), 29, 99, 234n6 Belo Hor i zonte, 35, 57, 224, 234n5. See also Minas Ge rais birth rates of Bra zil ians, 88–89, 143–44, 226, 236n3. See also pop u la tion sta tis tics Bo livia, 5, 6, 138, 139, 146, 148, 150, 188 Bos ton, MA: anti-immigrant be hav ior in, 87–88; boun dary mark ers or re gion al ism in, 192; Bra zil ian iden tity in, 190–91; Bra zil ian In de pen dence Day cel e bra tions in, 4; busi nesses owned by Bra zil ians in, 28; community-based or gan iza tions in, 182–83, 237nn3–4; driver’s li censes, 87–88; ed u ca tional at tain ment in, 44; em ploy ment in, 20, 23–27, 56; fis sures in com mu nities in, 175, 178; gen der roles in con text of em ploy ment in, 56; His panic eth nic ity in, 187; house clean ing busi nesses in, Note: Ital i cized page num bers refer to ta bles. Index 274 Bos ton, MA (continued ) 23–27; pol i tics of im mi gra tion in, 39–40; pop u la tion sta tis tics for, 84– 85; pro fes sion als in, 8–9; re li gious in sti tu tions in, 167–69, 171–72, 174; re mit tances sent from, 33; send ing com mu nities to, 49, 59, 153–55; sex ratio of im mi grants in, 85; so cial class in, 49; so cial net works in, 154–55; un doc u mented im mi grants in, 74; U.S. - Mexico bor der route to, 71. See also Mas sa chu setts boun dary mark ers, 51–52, 178, 187, 192. See also fis sures in im mi grant com mu nities; re gion al ism bra si guaios (Bra zil ians in Par a guay), 144, 145 bra sil i dade (“Bra zil ian ness”), 13, 51, 168–69, 174, 179, 190–97, 200, 238n2 bra siv i a nos (Bra zil ians in Bo livia), 148 Bra zil: American ig nor ance of, 185–86, 188– 89; Bra zil ian iden tity in, 185; Cath o lic Church in, 167–69; cen suses of, xi, 4– 6, 5, 9, 77, 77–78, 85, 103, 103; cost of liv ing in, 8–9, 203, 221; dual cit i zen...