Couched in Death: Klinai and Identity in Anatolia and Beyond

Contents

vii Contents List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xiv Abbreviations and Guidelines for Use xvii I n t r o d u c t i o n Approaches to Klinai and the Cultures of Anatolia 3 Geographic, Cultural, and Funerary Contexts 4 Previous Scholarship 8 Theoretical Approaches 11 Overview 13 C h a p t e r 1 Archaic and Classical Greek Klinai: Realities and Representations 15 Terminology and Function 17 The Rules of Reclining 21 Materials and Construction 27 Size and Placement 38 Design and Decoration 44 Plato’s Klinai 85 C h a p t e r 2 Funerary Klinai in Anatolia 87 Evidence for Wooden Couches in Anatolian Tombs 88 A Bronze Kline from Lydia 97 Stone and Rock-Cut Couches in Tumuli 98 Rock-Cut Chamber Tombs with Burial Couches 132 Synthesis 161 C h a p t e r 3 Origins of the Kline-Tomb 177 Persian Precedent? 177 Roots of the Kline-Tomb Concept 182 Kline-Burial and Lydia 224 Excursus: Etruscan Tombs and the Reclining Banquet in Etruria 226 Conclusions 232 C h a p t e r 4 Banqueting and Identity in Achaemenid Anatolia 233 Approaches to Cultural Identity in Achaemenid Anatolia 233 Kline-Tombs with Achaemenid Elements 235 Banqueting in Anatolian-Persian Funerary Art 249 A Late Archaic West Anatolian Koine? 262 Conclusions 265 Contents viii C h a p t e r 5 Conclusions: Legacies and Meanings 267 Macedonian Funerary Klinai 267 A Return to Plato’s Klinai 273 The Afterlife of the Funerary Kline 274 Conclusions 279 A f t e r w o r d 281 A p p e n d i x A Catalogue of Anatolian Tombs with Funerary Beds or Couches, ca. 600–400 BCE 283 A p p e n d i x B List of Vases Cited in the Text 336 Notes 349 Bibliography 425 Index 479 ...