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283 Tumulus Burials Lydia Manisa 1—Tomb 77.1 Sardis (Fig. 63), Şeytan Deresi, near the Pyramid Tomb Tumulus with built chamber and dromos (tumulus not preserved). Single couch along each side wall, each composed of a horizontal bedslab on plain upright supports. Limestone 2.23 m L, 0.70 m W, 0.60–0.70 m H Simple bedslabs (0.32 m thick), with rectangular, concave hollows (0.05–0.07 m deep). On the front faces of the bedslabs, a shallow recessed band at the bottom (ca. 0.08 m high). Plain slab supports (0.20 m wide, 0.40 m high, 0.72 m deep). Other tomb information: Chamber 2.23 × 2.22 m, 1.60 m pres. H, composed of limestone blocks, with plug-type door. Ceiling not preserved. Combination butterfly-staple clamps; anathyrosis. Lydian occupation level encountered in soundings below the floor level. Associated finds: Finds from the chamber all reflect later (Hellenistic and Early Roman) reuse: various unguentaria, lamps, and flasks. Secondary burials were located below both couches, and a limestone cinerary chest rested on a debris stratum above the left couch. According to Hanfmann (Hanfmann and Mierse 1983, 60), “a laminar organic substance consisting of a layer of resin between two other layers of indeterminate nature was discovered pressed into the depressions of the ‘bed’ slabs . . . [and] may have funereal significance .” Pottery from limestone chip strata (construction debris) in the dromos and below the floor of the chamber Catalogue entries are organized first by tomb type (tumulus, rock-cut chamber), then by region (Lydia, Phrygia, etc.), then by modern Turkish province (Manisa, Uşak, etc.). Tombs in Lydia, Phrygia, Mysia, the Troad, Ionia, the Milyas, the Kibyratis , and Pisidia are included here. Additional remains of wooden couches and tombs in Caria, Lycia, and Paphlagonia are discussed in Chapter 2. The format is as follows: Catalogue number—Tomb name (with map reference if tomb location is noted on a map) Nearest ancient site, modern town, district, or more specific location (with map reference if applicable) Basic description of tomb Number and placement of couches Material of couch(es), if known Dimensions of couch(es), if recorded or determinable from scaled drawings (L = length, W = width, H = height; pres. = preserved; max. = maximum) Description of bedslab(s), if preserved Description of supports, if preserved Other tomb information: description of tomb chamber, masonry details, etc., if known Associated finds: description of associated finds, if any (IAM = Istanbul Archaeology Museum) History of exploration or excavation (dates included when known) Present location and inventory number, if known and if other than in situ Bibliography Probable date or period Figure reference(s) A P P E N D I X A Catalogue of Anatolian Tombs with Funerary Beds or Couches, ca. 600–400 BCE Catalogue of Anatolian Tombs with Funerary Beds or Couches 284 Limestone 2.10 m L, 0.88 m W, 0.52 m H Plain bedslab with raised rectangular border (0.10 m wide) along long sides and raised rectangular posts at corners (0.18 × 0.10 m). Upright slab supports (0.22–0.245 m wide, 0.88 m deep), with Type B double-volute side cutouts in relief. Other tomb information: Chamber 2.77 × 1.72 m, composed of smoothly worked limestone blocks, with flat ceiling 1.86 m high. Side walls tilt in toward ceiling. Plug-type door. Protective lips on lower courses of walls behind kline and elsewhere , where there may have originally been a table. Associated finds: Finds include alabaster alabastra and fragments of Achaemenid bowls. Harvard-Cornell Sardis expedition excavation, 1971 Ramage 1972, 11–15; Hanfmann and Mierse 1983, 59, figs. 115–16; McLauchlin 1985, BC/T19, 143, 197–200; Ratté 1989, 189–95; 2011, 86–88, figs. 118–22; Dinç 1993, no. 16; Dusinberre 2003, 241–42; Roosevelt 2003, 389–90, no. 7 Ca. 550–500? Fig. 80 4—Tomb 89.11 Sardis (Fig. 63), Haci Oğlan, north of Nekropolis Tumulus with built chamber, antechamber, and dromos. Three interlocking built-in shelves, in Π-shaped arrangement. Limestone Left: 1.84 m L, 0.64 m W, ca. 1.00 m H; rear: 2.14 m L, 0.62 m W, ca. 1.00 m H; right: 1.88 m L, 0.66 m W, ca. 1.00 m H Bedslabs have rectangular trough-like depressions (0.15– 0.26 m deep, 0.53 m wide) within high rectangular borders (ca. 0.10 m wide, 0.15–0.17 high), socketed...

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