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389 Index Abezgauz, Zalman, 95 abolition of serfdom, influence on Jews, 11, 59, 183 acculturation: Baltic nobility, 20–21; Jews, 14, 47, 91, 155, 158, 171, 177–178, 208, 253; Orthodox nobility, 21, 26 Adamushko, Vladimir, 247, 248 Adler, Israel-Yehuda, 174–175, 343n86 Agranovich, Alexander, 135 agricultural settlements: Belorussia, 199– 200, 217, 221; Crimea, 216–217 Ahad Ha’am (Gintsberg), 4–6, 315n9 Albinskii, Mendel, 122 Albinskii, Z., 195, 203 alcohol: Jewish trade of, 30–32, 45, 106, 108, 116–117; landowners’ manufacture and trade of, 100, 105–106, 117, 123; role in Rechitsa and the Uezd’s economy, 65, 106, 116, 292; role in Russian empire and USSR economy, 219, 293; Ukrainian trade of, 32 Aleksei Mikhailovich, Tsar, 33–34, 36–38 Alexander I Jagiellon, 23 Alexander II, Tsar, 14–15, 58, 64, 69, 84, 172, 309, 328n112 Alexander III, Tsar, 14, 64, 70–71, 309 Altshuler, Mordechai, 217, 257 Altshuller, Yehoshua, 201 Ansky, S. A. (Shlomo Rapoport), 246 anti-Semitism: from mid-1950s, 299–301, 304–306; interwar USSR, 17, 208, 247, 249, 252; Nazi propaganda for, 255, 258, 283, 286, 288, 312; postwar time, 288–290, 298–299, 312; tsarist Russia, 3–7, 82–83, 87, 107, 325n60; wartime USSR, 274, 277, 283, 298, 360n99. See also army service, Russian Empire; pogroms Antonovich, Vladimir, 31 Argentina, 136 Arkhangelsk, 68–69, 85 Arklis, Abram, 78 army service, Russian Empire, 69–70; antiSemitism , 69–70; bravery, 70; evasion, 126; as influence on marriage, 140–141, 145, 153; kahal’s tool to punish, 145; restrictions, 70. See also cantonists; Red Army artels, 17, 291–293, 303, 307, 310, 312 Artemiev, Fëdor, 76–79, 82 Asaf, David, 47 Ashbel, Levi-Isaac, 189 assimilation of Jews, 18, 90, 168, 239 Astrakhan, 40, 364n48 Atlas, Aron, 188, 263, 286–287 Atlas, Fania, 188, 263 Bakst, Genia, 189 Balfour, Arthur James, 194 Balts, 19–20 Bareslavskii, Moshe, 201, 204 Barishanskii, Rafael-Mordechai, 164 Baron, Salo, 33, 199, 221, 318n49 Batagovskii, Alexander, 173 Báthory, Stephen, 42 bazaar, 64, 78, 96, 99, 113–114, 245 beis-midrash, 9, 156, 167, 170, 174. See also synagogues and houses of prayer beit din rabani (religious court), 42, 166– 167, 236 Bekhterev, Vladimir, 163 Belinskii, L. P., 82 Belorussians: assimilation with Russians, 58; conversion to Catholicism, 57, 323n8; fertility, 228; identity, 8, 57; predilection for alcohol, 232, 303, 306, 352n189, 366n114; relationship with Jews, 58, 76, 87, 101–102, 111, 114–115; Russification, 57–58; statistics, 230–233, 238, 243; Uniates, 37, 57; women, 38, 121, 141, 143, 151–152, 232, 274. See also korenizatsiia; Orthodox population Ben-Ammi, Mordechai (Mark Rabinovich), 48 Ben-Gurion, David, 200 Benkendorf, Alexander von, 107, 182 Beria, Lavrenty, 248–251 Berlin, 163 Bershadskii, Sergei, 166, 317n11 Bezborodkin, Iudka, 56 Bez-Kornilovich, Mikhail, 44, 104 Bibikov, Il’ia, 155 Bilu, 190–191 Birobidzhan, 217–218 birthrate, 15, 129, 139, 147–148, 227–228, 230–231 Bliankman, Moisei, 246, 303 Black Hundred Union of the Russian People, 74, 78, 83, 89, 324n20 black market, 16, 218, 292, 311 blood libel: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , 42; Rechitsa, 75–76, 91; Russian empire, 75 Bobruisk, 7, 25, 36, 41, 51, 54, 66, 68, 92, 96, 120, 155, 163, 258, 292, 297 Bogdanov, Emanuel, 302 Bogdanova, Elena, 273 Bogrov, Grigorii, 106, 145, 148, 156, 169 Borisov, 25, 66, 68, 91, 93, 110, 120, 122, 147, 231, 250 box, collection (korobochnyi sbor), 157, 181–182, 237 Bracław, 26 Bragin, 23, 54, 65, 88, 108, 111, 168, 182, 298 Braitman, Fishel, 162 Brants, Mordukh, 222 Braude, Kh., 144 Breindorf, 84 Brel, N., 273 Brest, 22, 30, 34, 43, 45, 66, 197, 270, 275, 337n56 Briansk, 38, 260 bribery, 44, 107, 112, 114, 157, 218, 250, 331n84 Briskin, 193 Briskin, M. Kh., 84 Broider, 84 Brokhin, Zalman, 184 Brokhina, 84 Bronevsky, Vladimir, 91 Bronnoe, 260, 266 Bruk, Abram, 82 Bruk, Grigorii (Tsvi-Hirsh), 82 Brutskus, B. D., 217 Buda-Koshelevsk Raion, 228 Budovskaia, Roza, 201 Bukler, 84 Bukshtein, 196 Bulak-Bulakovich, Stanislaw, 197–198 Bund: in Rechitsa, 73, 77–78, 80, 84–87, 91, 193–194, 202; in Gomel, 77–80, 84, 133; in Russia, 91, 202, 248 390 Index burial society, 183–184 Bychkova, Sara, 208 Bykhov (Stary Bykhov), 23, 29, 37, 63, 320n79 Bykhovskii, Isaac, 174, 343n88 Bykhovskii, Tsvi, 174 Byten, 274 Canada, 136–137, 305 candle, collection (svechnoi sbor), 157, 171, 182, 237 cantonists, 69 Casimir IV Jagiellon, 25 Catherine II, 7, 54–56, 62, 125, 324n31 Catholics (Roman): aristocrats, 27, 30– 32, 38, 40...

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