Negotiating Empire: The Cultural Politics of Schools in Puerto Rico, 1898–1952

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Negotiating Empire Negotiating Empire The Cultural Politics of Schools in Puerto Rico, 1898–1952 Solsiree del Moral The University of Wisconsin Press Publication of this volume has been made possible, in part, through support from the Anonymous Fund of the College of Letters and Science at the University of Wisconsin– Madison and from the Department of History at the Pennsylvania State University. The University of Wisconsin Press 1930 Monroe Street, 3rd Floor Madison, Wisconsin 53711-2059 uwpress.wisc.edu 3 Henrietta Street London WC2E 8LU, England eurospanbookstore.com Copyright © 2013 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any format or by any means, digital, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or conveyed via the Internet or a website without written permission of the University of Wisconsin Press, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles and reviews. Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Del Moral, Solsiree. Negotiating empire : the cultural politics of schools in Puerto Rico, 1898–1952 / Solsiree del Moral. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-299-28934-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-299-28933-1 (e-book) 1. Puerto Rico—History—1898–1952. 2. Puerto Rico—Colonial influence. 3. Education— Puerto Rico—History. 4. Americanization—History. I. Title. F1975.M59 2013 972.9505´2—dc23 2012017511 To the teachers of Puerto Rico, on the Island and in the Diaspora ...