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3 7 1 Note: Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. Agencies and departments in the index are U.S. entities unless otherwise identified. Aarons, Mark, xiv Abadilla, Col. Rolando, 117, 125, 135, 148 ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation), 205, 209 ABC network, 36, 159, 168, 174, 261 Abdulmutallab, Umar Farouk, 249–50 abolition of torture, 194, 227.See also human rights international coalition; international agreements Abourezk, James, 223 Abrams, Gen. Creighton, 97 Abu Ghraib photos: “bad apples” defense disproved, 109–10; basic psychological torture techniques exposed in, xii, 4, 9, 16, 107 –9, 152 ; congressional slide show of, 175; international opinion on, 13, 190; number of photos collected by investigators, 16, 45; phases in controversy over, 238–39; pornographic images of soldiers having sex interleaved with, 8, 151 –54, 187; public debate short-lived after, 5, 12, 25, 155, 167, 237 –41, 238, 265 –66; refusal to release most, 246; summary of all photos recovered by investigators, 160–61, 306n4; television broadcast of, xii, 5, 16, 151, 237, 238; tor ture continued despite, 159 –60 Abu Ghraib prison (Iraq): in Bush’s global gulag, 190–91; conditions leading to torture at, 184; continued tor ture at, 216; demolition halted b y court order, 239; enhanced interr ogation techniques at, 45, 106; inv estigations of, 107–10, 238; models for tor ture at, 104–8, 110, 160–61, 237; phases of interr ogation and torture at, 107–9; transferred to Iraqi control, 47, 48, 110. See also Abu Ghraib photos ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union), 250, 254 Adams, Phillip, xiv Addington, David, 31, 193 Aden: British use of torture in, 12–13 Afghanistan: Bagram prison in, 44, 106; bounties for captives in, 192; Cheney ’s warning to, 159; CIA ’s “salt pit” prison in, 252; detainee abuse inv estigated in, 237–38; detainee r esponsibilities transferred to local forces, 47–49; foreign indictment concerning rendition in, 260; secret prisons in, 11, 44 –45; U.S. enhanced interrogation in, 86, 104, 106, 110 Afghan National Police, 48–49 Aguinaldo (film), 147 Index 3 7 2 I n d e x Aguinaldo, Lt. Rodolfo: action film about, 147; PMA classmates of , 120 ; terror embodied in, 125, 126; tor ture tactics of, 129 –32, 133, 135; U.S. training of , 117 Air Force: assistance against Filipino coup attempt, 143; N azi doctors recruited for School of Aviation Medicine, 56, 78; pilots of, captured in North Korea, 58–60. See also Survival, Evasion, Resistance , Escape (SERE) program Algerian War of Independence (1954 –62), 12–13, 42 Alleg, Henri, 42 Allen, Morse, 69, 77 Al Qaeda: CIA and torture as key weapon against, 4, 85–86; CIA control over captured, 33–35;covert campaign against (1995 –2001), 32; defi ned as not a state, 234; empathetic interr ogation for information on, 51 –52;false information obtained by torture, 50–51; indefinite detention of captured, 38, 61,125 –26, 183, 184, 189, 191, 252 –53; “kill or capture” orders on, 113; S addam Hussein’s link to, fabricated from torture, 50–51;transfer of detainees from secret prisons to Guantanamo, 29, 30 , 46. See also detainees; September 11, 2001, terr orist attacks; torture; and specific people Altenburg, Maj. Gen. John D., Jr., 202–3 Alter, Jonathan, 162 Alvarez Martinez, Col. Gustavo, 224 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 250, 254 American Lung Association, 278n85 American Medical Association, 83 American Psychiatric Association, 59 American Psychological Association (APA): collective silence of, 53–54; ethics debate in, 80; Guantanamo and military ties to, 43, 44, 53, 82 –83; r esolution on human rights and torture of, 83–84; secret briefings at conference, 66–67; torture definitions discussed, 24. See also cognitive science; cognitive science community “American Taliban” ( John Walker Lindh), 197, 198 amnesty: media courted in bid for, 145 –47; rebels’ winning of, 143 –45.See also impunity Amnesty International: on Aguinaldo’s torture tactics, 130; attempts to ban torture, 5, 116 –17, 227; on G uantanamo , 190; Guantanamo cell replica of, 212;on torture in Philippines, 123 –24, 125, 134 Anan, Kofi, 206 Anderson, Robert, 61 Ang, Maria Elena, 133 –34 anticommunist operations: CIA and military advisers’ role in Latin American, 99–103; OPS r ole in, 86–88; torture justified due to, 224–25.See also Cold War; counterinsurgency efforts; Latin America; mind-control experiments; Phoenix program; Survival, Evasion, Resistance, Escape (SERE) program antiwar activists. See peace activists APA. See American Psychological Association Aquino, Corazon: candidacy of, 138; coup attempts against, 114 –15...

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