Geology of the Ice Age National Scenic Trail

Contents

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Acknowledgments

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pp. xi-xii

This book would not have been possible without the help of many, many people, all of whom offered encouragement! Below we try to recognize that assistance, but there may be others who . . .

Introduction

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pp. 3-23

A hike along the Ice Age Trail (IAT) can be a leaf-dappled, peaceful walk in the summer or a snow-shrouded, silent reverie in winter. The landscape you walk eases you into a steady rhythm as Wisconsin’s rich . . .

Science Briefs

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pp. 24-83

Glaciers can exist only when and where more snow falls in the winter than melts in the summer. When snow that has fallen one winter is covered by new snow in the following winter, it compacts under the added weight and slowly changes . . .

Northeast Ice Age Trail Segments

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pp. 84-113

The northeastern segments of the IAT are located between Potawatomi State Park, near Sturgeon Bay at the eastern end of the trail, and the city of Manitowoc (fig. 64). The landscape of this part . . .

Northern Kettle Moraine Ice Age Trail Segments

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pp. 114-130

The northern kettle moraine segments of the IAT are located in eastern Wisconsin (fig. 3). The Kettle Moraine really isn’t a moraine at all by most definitions. Its hills are composed mostly of stream-deposited . . .

Middle Kettle Moraine Ice Age Trail Segments

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pp. 131-153

The Middle Kettle Moraine, as used in this book, extends from the Fond du Lac—Washington County line southward to Interstate 94 (I-94) near Delafield (fig. 104). Unlike the northern and southern parts . . .

Southern Kettle Moraine Ice Age Trail Segments

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pp. 154-173

The Ice Age National Scenic Trail winds through forest and old fields of the southern Kettle Moraine throughout most of its length, although the trail still has road connectors . . .

Southern Green Bay Lobe Ice Age Trail Segments

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pp. 174-239

The Green Bay Lobe advanced down the Green Bay–Lake Winnebago lowland into southern and southwestern Wisconsin during the late Wisconsin Glaciation about 30,000 years . . .

Western Green Bay Lobe Ice Age Trail Segments

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pp. 240-260

The nature of glacial deposits changes dramatically as you walk northward along the western edge of the former Green Bay Lobe. You’ll be able to spot many obvious tunnel channels . . .

Northern Green Bay Lobe and Langlade Lobe Ice Age Trail Segments

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pp. 261-281

This group of eight trail segments follows end moraines (SB 6) of the Green Bay Lobe (figs. 1, 3), which flowed toward the northwest from the Green Bay lowland, and of the Langlade Lobe, . . .

Wisconsin Valley Lobe Ice Age Trail Segments

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pp. 282-303

The Wisconsin Valley Lobe advanced into northern Wisconsin out of the Lake Superior basin between 30,000 and 25,000 cal. years ago (fig. 1). It deposited reddish-brown, sandy, gravelly . . .

Chippewa Lobe Ice Age Trail Segments

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pp. 304-335

The Chippewa Lobe of the late Wisconsin glacier developed textbook examples of high-relief hummocky topography (SB 11) and particularly large ice-walled-lake plains . . .

Superior Lobe Ice Age Trail Segments

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pp. 336-365

Between 25,000 and 30,000 cal. years ago, the Superior Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet advanced into northwestern Wisconsin out of the Lake Superior basin. It advanced across a landscape over . . .

Further Readings

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pp. 367-376

Index

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pp. 377-395