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Chapter 3 GRAMMAR CONTRAST IN RHYME PAIRS Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 3-A. The Distribution of Rhymeword Parts of Speech ............................ 349 3-A.1. Poets: BAT, ASP-I" ASP-PL, BAR ................................. 349 3-A.2. ASP-PL Genres: LYR, NAR, EO, SK ................................ 357 3-A.3. ASP-PL Basic Rhyme Patterns: ASP-PL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 366 3-A.4. ASP-L, and ASP-PL Periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 372 3-B. Mea~uring Grammar Contrasts in Rhyme: Indexes ........................... 376 3-8.0. Method, Terminology, Examples.................................... 377 3-B.0.I. How Rhymeword Grammar Contrast Indexes Were Produced ....... 377 3-8.0.2. Examples ofRhyme Grammar Contra~t Indexes: ASP-PL. . . . . . . .. 382 3-8.0.3. Grammar Contrast Analysis: Method And Terms Used . . . . . . . . . .. 386 3-B.0.4. Special Focused Study: Same-type and Different-Type Pairs in ASP-PL: Examples: Noun, Verb, Adverb ............... 388 3-B.0.5. Conclusion............................................... 394 3-8.1. Rhyme Grammar Contrasts: Indexes: Poets ........................... 395 3-B.I.I. Category I: Declinables..................................... 396 3-8.1.2. Category 2: Verbals ........................................ 401 3-8.1.3. Category 3: Others ........................................ 405 3-8.1.4. Combined Totals: Categories 1-3 ............................. 410 3-8.2. Rhyme Grammar Contrasts: Indexes: Genres: ASP-PL ................... 412 3-B.2.1. Genres: ASP-PL: Category 1: Declinables ...................... 412 3-8.2.2. Genres: ASP-PL: Category 2: Verbals ......................... 417 3-8.2.3. Genres: ASP-PL: Category 3: Others .......................... 420 3-8.2.4. Combined totals and Conclusion.............................. 424 3-8.3. Rhyme Grammar Contrasts: Basic Rhyme Patterns: ASP-PL .............. 426 3-B.3.1. Free Rhyme Patterns: LYR-FR vs. NAR-FR ...................... 427 3-8.3.2. Stanzas: LYR-ST vs. EO-ST .................................. 434 3-8.3.3. Couplets: LYR-CO vs. SK-CO................................. 442 3-B.3.4. Summary and Conclusion: Basic Rhyme Patterns .................. 452 Grammar Contrast in Rhyme 343 3-8.4. Rhyme Grammar Contrasts: ASP-L, and ASP-PL Periods ................ 454 3-8.4.l. Category I: Declinables ...................................... 455 3-8.4.2. Category 2: Verbals ......................................... 459 3-8.4.3. Category 3: Others .......................................... 461 3-8.4.4. ASP-L, and ASP-PL Periods: Totals ............................ 465 3-C. Conclusion .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 467 Tables ......................................................... 472 344 Chapter 3 INTRODUCTION Though the grammar of rhymewords (like grammar in general) has three components--parts of speech, morphology, and syntax-nobody apparently had ever devised and published a system for detailed study ofthe total grammar ofrhyme until my system was published in my Shaw. J. Thomas, Rhyme Dictionaries for the poetry of Puskin, Batjuskov, and Baratynskij, in 1974 and 1975. Until that time (and after) there has been some consideration of parts of speech, and some attention to morphology (mainly in comments on "grammatical rhymes")but usually without detailed statistics, and without any consideration of syntax at all. The term "grammatical rhymes" has usually been left undefined but apparently has been understood to mean rhyme pairs with rhyme-elements consisting of the same morphological endings. My Rhyme Dictionaries give detailed information on the total grammar of all rhymewords of Batjuskov, Puskin, and Baratynskij, and emphasize that consideration of syntax is included in "total grammar" by using, in the original publication, the term "grammar-syntax contrast" instead of simply "grammar contrast." (For a listing of my pertinent book-form publications, including Rhyme Dictionaries for these poets, see the section , Frequently Cited Works of Scholarship and Editions Used, pp. 649-51, below). While doing the necessary preparatory work to devise and compile Rhyme Dictionaries for Batjuskov, Puskin, and Baratynskij, [ discovered that all ofthem used a basically similar rhyme system, utilizing not only rhyme pairs (sets of two), but rhyme sets larger than two or three, in which one rhymeword is a rhyme partner of other rhymewords in the set. This entailed determining when each rhyme set begins and ends in the verse of these poets. I tested various methods that might have been consciously or unconsciously applied, including parallel and nonparallel grammar, and, as part of the process, obtained printouts of the apparent sets larger than two or three, in order to determine whether the poets used some technique to reduce apparent large sets to small(er) ones. This led to focusing attention on the grammar of the rhymewords, and that (among other considerations) led to the definite conclusion that apparent large rhyme sets are indeed large rhyme sets, and to the conclusion that grammar relevant to the rhyming is, for these poets, far more complex than had apparently been thought. My Rhyme Dictionaries for Puskin, Batjuskov, and Baratynskij introduced two new important...

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