Macedonian

Cover

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Title Page, Copyright, Frontispiece

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Contents

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pp. v-viii

Acknowledgments

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pp. ix-xii

Introduction to the Third Edition

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pp. xiii-xiv

The first edition of this textbook was published in 1999. Since then many students have commented on the textbook, sending comments, thanks, and suggestions. For this third edition Liljana Mitkovska, who has been involved with this project from the very beginning, has become coauthor. We have worked more than two years to update the textbook. Our goal has been to preserve the basic structure of the original work, but to add more cultural information, updated...

1. Macedonian Pronunciation and the Macedonian Alphabet

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pp. 1-10

The Macedonian alphabet is a form of the Cyrillic alphabet. Variations of the Cyrillic alphabet are also used in writing Russian, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Bulgarian, and Serbian. It is much easier to learn to read and write Macedonian than English because, in general, each letter corresponds to a single sound. Once you have mastered a few simple rules of pronunciation, words are pronounced as they are spelled...

2. Introductions and Occupations

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pp. 11-24

Macedonian, unlike English, but similar to other European languages, has two different words for ‘you’. Ти is used when addressing close friends, children, animals, and God. Вие is used when addressing elders, teachers, and people with whom you are not acquainted. The usage roughly corresponds to our first- name basis, namely, if you would address someone by first name, you probably will address them as ти, but if you address them by last name and title, e.g...

3. Actions and Attributes

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pp. 25-42

There are a number of possible endings for the plural of nouns. In this chapter we will introduce the plural forms for masculine and feminine nouns. There are a small number of very common irregular nouns whose endings must be learned separately. Irregular plurals will be given in the vocabulary lists in parentheses marked (мн.) for множина ‘plural’...

4. Daily Routines

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pp. 43-64

Adverbs are words that tell how, when, or where an action takes place, for example: добро ‘well’, само ‘only’, понекогаш ‘sometimes’, често ‘often’ срдечно ‘sincerely’, секогаш ‘always’, обично ‘usually’, сега ‘now’ надвор ‘outside’, таму ‘there’. In Macedonian, many adverbs of manner are identical to the neuter singular adjectival form. Compare the following sentences:...

5. Food

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pp. 65-88

You have learned how to attach the forms of the definite article to nouns. Here you will learn how to attach them to adjectives. Look at the following two English sentences. You will notice that the definite article occurs only once in a noun phrase—i.e., the noun plus any adjectives modifying it—and that it occurs at the beginning of the phrase...

6. Music

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pp. 89-110

The indirect object expresses to whom or for whom an action is performed. Look at the following sentences in English:
I am baking a cake for my mother.
We will buy you the paper.
He will bring you the books.
They will bring the papers to you...

7. Cities, Giving Directions, Skopje, Free Time

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pp. 111-140

In Macedonian, it is quite simple to form adjectival comparatives, e.g. smarter, younger, older, more beautiful and superlatives, e.g. smartest, youngest, oldest, most beautiful...

8. Education, Invitations

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pp. 141-172

The aorist, called in Macedonian either аорист or минато определено свршено време, i.e., past definite complete tense, is a form which refers to a completed action in the past tense. It most often corresponds to the simple past in English: I read the book, I wrote the letter, I ate my supper, etc. In contemporary standard Macedonian, the aorist is formed almost exclusively from perfective verbs...

9. Vacations, Birthdays, and Other Celebrations

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pp. 173-200

In the last chapter you learned how to form the aorist for the largest groups of verbs. There are, however, some other categories of aorist that fall into smaller classes. All of the subclasses are in the и-stem and е-stems. In this chapter we will introduce four more subgroups of aorists, two belonging to the и-stem and two to the е-stem...

10. Weather

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pp. 201-228

Imperfects are formed from verbs of either imperfective or perfective aspect. However, because of differences in meaning and usage, in this chapter we will only discuss the uses of the imperfect tense formed from imperfective aspect verbs...

11. Appearance, Character

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pp. 229-264

During this course, you have learned most of the basic colors in Macedonian. The list provided here is a more complete list of color terminology. Color terms are adjectives and agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. The word боја ‘color’ is, of course, feminine, so often you will hear the feminine form in questions: Каква боја е твојот чадор? Зелена /Мојот чадор е зелена (боја). Or, the color term will agree with the noun it modifies: Имам зелен чадор...

12. Health

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pp. 265-292

First we will look at how to form the verbal l-forms (глаголска л-форма), and then we will discuss their meanings. The verbal l-form is generated from both perfective and imperfective verbs. Unlike other verb forms you have learned, the l-forms agree in number and gender with the subject...

13. Housing

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pp. 293-320

In Лекциjа 10 you learned many adjectives and adverbs of quantity and quality useful for discussing comparisons, e.g.
Стојан не е толку висок како/колку Бранко.
Stojan is not as tall as Branko...

14. Geography of Macedonia, Travel

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pp. 321-352

Verbal adjectives (глаголска придавка) are adjectives that are formed from verbs, hence the term verbal adjective. You have already learned some verbal adjectives. In the sentences below, the verbal adjectives are underlined, for example:
Многу сакаме печени пиперки.
Во овој ресторан има одлична пржена риба...

15. Wedding Customs, Sports, Arts

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pp. 353-380

In Лекција 11, you learned the formation and use of the l-past. In Лекција 13, you learned a perfect-like construction composed of the verb сум plus verbal adjective formed with intransitive verbs. There is another perfect construction in Macedonian formed from the verb има, or нема, followed by an invariant neuter singular form of the verbal adjective. This construction is typically used with transitive verbs...

16. Cultural Sites in Macedonia

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pp. 381-404

In this chapter, you will learn several new verb forms. The pluperfect, called in Macedonian предминато време, is used to specify that an action in the past was completed prior to another action in the past; that is, a pluperfect sequences two past actions. Look at the following examples from English...

Glossary of Basic Grammatical Terminology

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pp. 405-406

Grammatical Tables

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pp. 407-420

Introduction to the Glossaries

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pp. 421-422

Macedonian–English Glossary

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pp. 423-462

English–Macedonian Glossary

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pp. 463-500

Answer Key

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pp. 501-538

Index

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pp. 539-542

Back Cover

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