Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, a Textbook: With Exercises and Basic Grammar

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159 Jedanaesta lekcija Lesson Eleven Jedanaesta lekcija • Lesson Eleven A1 85,86 VOCABULARY gòtovo hàljina hlače [B,C] (pl form) jedànaesti kòšulja pantalòne [S] (pl form) pòkušati rasprava rèčen, rečèna that’s that! dress pants, trousers eleventh shirt pants, trousers to try (P) discussion said rešen rèšiti riješen rijèšiti smàtrati, smatram šèšir, šešìra vàžan, vàžna zàvršen zavr̀šiti, zàvršim resolved to resolve (P) resolved to resolve (P) to consider (I) hat important finished to finish (P) VAŽNO, VAŽNIJE, NAJVAŽNIJE Bosnian 1. Tvòje pìtanje je bìlo vàžno ali mòje je bìlo vàžnije! 2. Tačno, ali je mòje pìtanje svakako bìlo zanimljìvije! 3. Dosta je rečèno. Mòje pìtanje je i vàžnije i zanimlji ̀vije od vaših, i gòtovo! 1. [turning to fourth student] Ti nam pòkušaj reći: ko je od nas ìmao najzanimljìvije pìtanje? 4. Riješena je stvar! Rasprava je zàvršena! Zakljùčio sam da svako smatra svòje pìtanje najzanimljìvijim! Croatian 1. Tvòje je pìtanje bìlo vàžno ali mòje je bìlo vàžnije! 2. Točno, ali je mòje pìtanje svakako bìlo zanimljìvije! 3. Dosta je rečèno. Mòje je pìtanje i vàžnije i zanimlji ̀vije od vaših, i gòtovo! 1. [turning to fourth student] Ti nam pòkušaj reći: tko je od nas ìmao najzanimljìvije pìtanje? 4. Riješena je stvar! Rasprava je zàvršena! Zakljùčio sam da svatko smatra svòje pìtanje najzanimljìvijim! Serbian 1. Тво̀је пѝтање је бѝло ва̀жно али је мо̀је бѝло ва̀жније! 2. Тачно, али je мо̀је пѝтање свакако бѝло занимљѝвије! 3. Доста је речѐно. Мо̀је пѝтање је и ва̀жније и занимњѝвије од ваших, и го̀тово! 1. [turning to fourth student] Ти по̀кушај да нам кажеш: ко je од нас ѝмао најзанимљѝвије пѝтање? 4. Решена је ствар! Расправа је за̀вршена! Закљу̀чио сам да свакo сматра сво̀је пѝтање најзанимљѝвијим! ☞ Instead of pìtanje, vàžni, zanìmljivi, use a) hàljina - šàrena, elegàntna; b) hlače [C] pantalòne [B,S] debele , tople; c) kàput - veliki, lepi [E] lijepi [J]; d) kòšulja - duga, tànka; e) šèšir - vìsoki, dobri. Note that there are four different speakers in this exercise, not just the usual two. He’s finished! 160 Jedanaesta lekcija Lesson Eleven zGRAMMAR * Passive participles * Passive participles are adjective-like words made from verbs; they refer to completed actions. To form the passive participle, add the correct participle marker either to the infinitive stem (found by dropping -ti) or to the present stem (found by dropping the final vowel of 3rd pl.pres.). Then add regular adjectival endings. * Verb types and the formation of passive participles * There are three different participle markers: -n, -t, and -en. A knowledge of verb types (see the verb chart on p. 142) is very helpful in remembering which verb takes which marker. The marker -n is found in most verbs whose infinitive ends in -ati (types 1, 4, 5, 8, and 10), and the participle is made by adding the marker -n to the infinitive stem. The marker -t is found exclusively in verbs of types 7 and 11, and is frequently used in verbs of type 6; it is added to the infinitive stem. The most complex of the three is the marker -en, which is found in verbs with infinitives in -iti and a number of others as well. To form these participles, add the marker directly to the present stem of verbs of types 13, 14, and 16. Before adding it to the present stem of verbs of types 2, 3, and 15, however, change the stem-final consonant to its softened variant (found in the chart on p. 163). Although the passive participle forms must be learned individually for certain verbs, the system summarized in the chart below works for the vast majority of verbs. The abbreviations PM and C’ in the chart below mean “participle marker” and “consonant softening,” respectively. PM Type infinitive 3rd pl. present passive participle -n- 1 pregledati pregledaju pregledan checked, examined 4 odr̀žati odr̀že odr̀žan held 5 napìsati nàpišu nàpisan written 8 orgànizovati orgànizuju orgànizovan organized 10 sàbrati sabèru sabran gathered -t- 7 òpsednuti òpsednu òpsednut besieged 11 zaùzeti zàuzmu zàuzet busy, taken -en- 13 pò̀jesti pòjedu pòjeden eaten, consumed 14 òdvesti odvèzu odvèzen...

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Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, a Textbook: With Exercises and Basic Grammar

Jedanaesta lekcija • Lesson Eleven

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