Spirits of Earth: The Effigy Mound Landscape of Madison and the Four Lakes

Index

247 acorns, 52, 56, 79 agriculture (Native American), xiv, 6, 12, 70, 73, 78, 82, 83, 87, 202. See also farming Airport Village site, 51, 58, 69, 71 altithermal (Mid-Holocene Dry Period), 43, 49–50, 68 American Antiquarian, 94 ancestors, 3, 11, 29, 41, 42, 49, 53, 54, 55, 90, 158, 201, 202, 204 Ancient Earthworks Society, 105 anthropology, xvii Antiquities of Wisconsin, 93–94, 165, 199. See also Lapham, Increase archaeological sites, 47, 53, 98, 104, 105, 188; electronic database of, 106 archaeology, 3, 15, 94 Archaic tradition, 43, 48–54, 56, 78, 200; Early, 49; Middle, 49, 50–54; Late, 49, 52, 54, 55 arrows: arrowheads, points, xiv, 6, 73, 85, 168; bow and, 6, 24, 69 astronomical observations, 34, 39–40, 105, 135, 138, 142–144, 185 axes (stone), 49, 72 Aztalan, Aztalan State Park, 15–16, 81– 89, 82 Aztec, 31 Bachus mound group. See Big Cross mound group Bad Axe River, 91 Baerreis, David, 71, 168 Baraboo Pipestone, 32 Barber mound group, 189, 191, 193 Bascom Hill mound, 116, 132 Beach site, 51, 56 beans, 70 bear: canine pendant, 61, 123; ceremonialism , 61; clan, xvii, 33; claw necklace, xvii; copper-tailed, 33; symbolism and imagery, 61, 62, 123. See also under effigy mounds Big Cross mound group, 143, 144, 185 Big Bend (Wisconsin), 4 birch bark scrolls, xix, 27 birds, 49, 56, 62, 108. See also under effigy mounds Birger figurine, 82 bison, 46, 47; bison occidentalus, 46, 48 Black Hawk, 91 Blackhawk, John, 157 Blackhawk Country Club mound group, 116, 136, 136, 137, 138, 141–142, 209 Black Hawk War, 91 Black River Falls (Wisconsin), 91 Borchers Beach mound, 85, 86, 88, 116, 121 Index Boszhardt, Robert, 16, 69, 73 Bram mound group, 176, 177, 178 Brown, Charles E., 13–14, 63, 65, 85, 92, 93, 94, 98–106, 99, 103, 131–132, 135, 142, 145, 148, 151, 155, 157–160, 158, 161, 162, 168, 170, 173, 174, 176–177, 191, 208, 210; maps by, 64, 67, 86, 100, 120, 129, 130, 133, 144, 150, 153, 154, 155, 166, 167, 179, 192 Bryson, Reid and Robert, 65, 69, 72 buffalo, 46, 47, 113 Buikstra, Jane, 34 burial (mortuary) customs and practices, 3, 53; cemeteries, 43, 49, 53, 54, 91, 148, 152–153,159–160,209–210;cremation, 49; crypt, 60–63; flexed, 21, 85; graves, 57, 91, 170, 209; “in the flesh” (extended ),21,54,151;mounds,21–22,33, 49, 53–55, 57, 60, 61; offerings, 53–55, 60, 61; ossuary, 53; places, xiv, xvii, 34, 157, 201; scaffold (sky burial), 22; secondary (reburial, bone bundles), 21, 53, 54, 57, 61, 63, 155; tombs, xvii, 6, 13, 21, 61. See also effigy mounds; mounds, mound building burial sites preservation law (Wisconsin), 61, 104–105, 170, 174, 187, 204 Burrows Park bird mound, 116, 131, 208 Cahokia, 33, 35, 70–72, 82–83, 85, 203 Camp Indianola site, 51, 73, 74, 76, 84–85, 87, 117, 121 Canfield, William, 30 capitol building (Wisconsin), 45 Capitol Hill mounds, 116, 163 caribou, 46 catfish, 115 celts, 72, 85 Chamberlin, Thomas, 135 Chamberlin Rock, 135 Charles, Douglas, 34 Cherokee Marsh, 115 chert, 47, 52, 53, 55, 60, 61; Burlington, 85; hornstone, 55, 200 Christiansen, George, 132 clams (mussels), 73, 81, 83–85 clans, xiv, xvii, 11, 13, 15–16, 22, 24, 29, 32–36, 77, 83, 113, 114, 158, 202–203. See also Ho-Chunk; Menominee; Osage climate,6,43,45,48–49,55, 68;droughts, 43, 49–50, 65, 68, 69, 71, 72, 79, 83, 68; Little Ice Age, 68, 72; Medieval Warm Period, 43, 68, 69; MidHolocene Dry Period (altithermal), 43, 49–50, 68 Clovis points, 45, 48 Colladay Point mounds, 191; OrvoldColladay mound group, 189, 190; W. E. Colladay mound group, 189, 191, 194 copper, 53–54, 60, 61 corn, xiv, 6, 12, 15, 43, 69, 70, 71, 76, 78–79, 82, 83, 87, 88, 89, 89, 121, 132, 223n38. See also agriculture cosmological maps, xiv, 113, 205. See also astronomical observations cosmology, xiv, 11, 25, 35–36, 56, 91, 144–145 Crawfish River, 16, 81 Curtis mound group, 148, 156 Dakota Sioux, 4 Dane County (Wisconsin), 44, 104, 138; mound identification project, 105, 195 deer, 6, 24, 48, 49, 50, 52, 72–73, 79; antlers , 24, 149, 168; mandible pendant, 185. See also under effigy mounds Deer, Ada, 175, 175 De Hart, J. M., 63, 66 Dejope (Taychopera), 9, 91 Devil’s Lake, 32...