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182 7 or More Parts AMERICAN POKEWEED OR POKEBERRY Phytolacca americana Phytolacca: from Greek phyto, “plant,” and Latin lacca for the crimson coloring from the berries americana: of America Status: Native (1) Plant: Erect perennial, 2’-9’ tall, smooth, branched toward the top Flower: White to pinkish, 5-parted, 3” wide; arranged in a 4”-8” spike-like cluster (raceme) of stalked flowers; blooms July-Sept. Leaf: Stalked, lance-like to oval Habitat: Moderate moisture; woods, disturbed sites Fruit: Blue-black, juicy berry with smooth skin when ripe POKEWEED: Phytolaccaceae Alternate, simple, entire, pinnately-veined leaves without stipules. Large multi-branched plants. Flowers on long, spike-like raceme opposite the leaves, producing flat, dark-purple berries on a red stem. 4-5 sepals and no petals. EDIBLE OR INDIAN POKEWEED, P. acinosa Introduced—persisting and spreading acinosa: aromatic herb mentioned by Roman scientist Pliny, variously thought to describe a wild basil, basil-thyme, or grape. Berry skin ridged when ripe. Found only in Dane County. PLAINS OR TWISTED-SPINE PRICKLY-PEAR Opuntia macrorhiza Opuntia: Greek for a different plant growing near Opus, Greece macrorhiza: with large roots or rootstocks CACTUS: Cactaceae Plants with thick, succulent stems covered with large spines. Solitary flowers with no stems, very showy, yellow (in ours), cup-like with many petals and stamens, the stigmas crowding the center. Fruit is spiny, fleshy, and sometimes edible. Leaves usually absent. Status: Native (10) Plant: Prostrate/spreading/erect perennial shrub, spiny, forming mats up to 5’ wide; stem joints very flat and difficult to detach, pads broadly oval usually with several spines together Flower: Yellow, sometimes with a red center, 7 or more parted, up to 3” wide; blooms May-July Fruit: Red-purple, fleshy, wingless, juicy, edible; seeds disc-like with rough, corky edges Habitat: Dry; prairies Notes: Current research is attempting to determine if all Wisconsin O. humifusa are actually O. macrorhiza EASTERN PRICKLY-PEAR, O. humifusa Native (5) (Special Concern); humifusa: spreading, prostrate Plant 2”-8” tall shrub, stem joints flattened, pads elliptical. Seeds disc-like with hard, regular edges. Spines usually single or sometimes paired. BRITTLE OR FRAGILE PRICKLY-PEAR O. fragilis Threatened (6); fragilis: brittle Plant forming dense mats to 20” wide, stem joints club-shaped, somewhat swollen and easy to detach. Flowers yellow to greenish, 12”-2” wide. Fruit inedible. Seeds disc-like with irregular edges. Usually more than 2 spines together. 7 or More Parts 183 Status: Native (6) Plant: Floating, perennial aquatic, all surfaces below the water covered in a thick, slimy, gelatinous coating; from rhizomes Flower: Purple to orange, 6-8 parts, :” wide, held just above the water; blooms June-Aug. Leaf: Elastic stalks attached to the center of un-notched, elliptical leaf, the upper surface green and the lower surface purple Habitat: Soft water less than 7’ deep; in organic muck soil WATER-SHIELD: Cabombaceae Slimy, aquatic perennial with large leaves and small, reddish flowers with 3 or 5 sepals and 6 or more petals. Leaves and flowers floating on the surface of the water. WATER-SHIELD Brasenia schreberi Brasenia: possibly for Christoph Brasen, 18th-century Moravian missionary who collected plants in Greenland and Labrador schreberi: for Johann Christian Daniel Schreber (1736-1810), German botanist Status: Native (6) Plant: Floating, perennial aquatic; from large, spongy rhizome with the old leaf scars forming spirals Flower: Yellow with reddish color inside, 7 or more parts, 1”-2” wide, held above the water, globe- or saucer-shaped, mostly 6 sepals; solitary; blooms June-Aug. Leaf: 2”-6” roundly arrow-shaped with rounded, sometimes overlapping lobes, leaf notch usually less than half as long as midrib, most floating; stalk flattened, slightly winged Habitat: Sun to shade; water less than 7’ deep; in sediment YELLOW POND-LILY, SPATTERDOCK, BULL-HEAD LILY Nuphar variegata Nuphar: from Persian word nufar for “water-lily” variegata: variegated Aquatic perennial often with large, platter-like leaves and showy, large flowers with 3 to many sepals and petals. Leaves and flowers floating on the water surface. WATER-LILY: Nymphaeaceae YELLOW POND-LILY, SPATTERDOCK Nuphar (3) Flowers yellow, tinged with red-purple. WATER-LILY Nymphaea (1) Flowers white to pale pink. LITTLE-LEAVED OR SMALL YELLOW POND-LILY N. microphylla (9) microphylla: micro for “small,” phyllon for “leaf” Flower :” wide, yellow, usually with 5 sepals. Leaves both submerged and floating, floating leaves 2”-4” long and broadly oval, stalks flat on the upper side. YELLOW POND-LILY OR WATER-LILY N. advena Special Concern (8) advena: foreign Flower 2” wide, cup...

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