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8 3 or 6 Parts CAT-TAIL: Typhaceae Hollow stems to 12’ tall. Brownish, tiny flowers (3-parted) on a densely-crowded, terminal, sausage-like spike with male flowers at the top above the female flowers. Sword- or lance-like leaves with parallel veins, D-shaped in cross section. Found in wet places. Our 2 species hybridize easily into Typha × glauca, a very aggressive invasive. NARROW-LEAVED CAT-TAIL Typha angustifolia Typha: Greek name possibly meaning “bog” angustifolia: Latin for “narrow leaf” Status: Introduced—naturalized; potentially invasive Plant: Erect, perennial, emergent semi-aquatic; 3’-9’ tall; many smooth stems; clone-forming from spreading rhizomes Flower: Brown, 3-parted; arranged in a thick spike with male (top) and female (bottom) flowers; blooms May-July Fruit: Hundreds of seeds tightly packed into a brown, cylindrical spike with 2”-1” bare gap between the male and female flowers Leaf: Basal, lance-like with pointed tips, less than 2” wide, back rounded, overlapping each other at the base Habitat: Sun; moist to wet; ditches, marshes, alkaline water; in muddy soil; invasive in central and northern Wisconsin BROAD-LEAVED OR COMMON CAT-TAIL Typha latifolia latifolia: Latin for “wide to broad leaves” Status: Native—potentially invasive (1) Plant: Erect, perennial, emergent semi-aquatic; 3’-9’ tall; many smooth stems; clone-forming from spreading rhizomes Flower: Brown, 3-parted; arranged in a 12” spike with male (top) and female (bottom) flowers; blooms May-July Fruit: Hundreds of seeds tightly packed into a brown, cylindrical spike with no bare gap between the male and female flowers Leaf: Bluish-green to grayish-green, up to 1” wide, nearly flat, overlapping each other at the base Habitat: Sun; wet to damp; ditches, marshes, shallows; in muddy soil SWEET-FLAG: Acoraceae Flowers on long, thick spike (spadix) containing many small florets. Leaves are long, smooth, light green, sword-like with a glossy finish. Perennial plants of damp, wet, or shady places with acrid or bitter juice and aromatic roots. SWEET-FLAG Acorus americanus Acorus: Latin akoron was the Greek name for an iris americanus: of America Status: Native (7) Plant: Erect, perennial, emergent semi-aquatic; up to 6’ tall; sweet spicy smell when crushed; very long, aromatic, reddish rhizomes Flower: Yellow to brown, tiny, 6-parted; arranged on a 2”-4” dense, thick, cylindrical spadix protruding from the side of the leaf-like spathe; blooms June-July Fruit: Brown, hard, dry, with 2-3 seeds Leaf: Sweetly aromatic, crowded at the base, long, narrow, sword-like, midvein and 1-5 additional veins mostly equally raised Habitat: Shallows, ponds, marshes, in water less than 20” deep; in wet, silty soil A. calamus Introduced; calamus: from Greek mythological figure Kalamos, the son of Maiandros (Meander), god of the Meander River Spadix pointed and only the midvein of the leaf prominently raised. 3 or 6 Parts 9 Hollow stems zigzag. 3-parted flower greenish, tiny, arranged in round ball-like clusters with the smaller male clusters above the female clusters. Fruit are a prickly bur of beaked nutlets. Parallelveined , grass-like leaves V-shaped in cross section. Found in wet places. Sepals 3-6, petals 0. BUR-REED: Sparganiaceae Status: Native (8) Plant: Erect or floating, perennial, emergent aquatic to 32’ tall Female flower: Green to white, 3-parted; arranged in round heads on an unbranched stalk much shorter than the leaves Fruit: Green to brown nutlets with a straight to curved beak grouped in bur-like heads Leaf: Not widened at the base, erect or floating, partly or wholly keeled, mostly flat except for the triangular base, veins coarse Habitat: Sun; quiet water; in muddy soil NARROW-LEAVED BUR-REED Sparganium angustifolium angustifolium: narrow leaf SMALL BUR-REED, S. natans (9) natans: floating Flowers arranged in a round head, female heads all from the leaf axils. Fruit a squat nutlet with a short beak. Leaf thin, flat, very long when floating, unkeeled. Mostly floating, aquatic to semi-aquatic Status: Native (9) Plant: Floating, perennial aquatic; stems long Female flower: Green to white, 3-parted, arranged in round heads on an unbranched stalk Fruit: Nutlets with the straight beak shorter than the body Leaf: Rounded at the back, not keeled, upper leaves dilated at the base Habitat: Sun; wet; deep water, shallows; in muddy soil NARROW-LEAVED BUR-REED Sparganium emersum Sparganium: ancient name used by Dioscorides, possibly from sparganon for “band,” describing the ribbon-like leaves emersum: Latin e, “out” and mergere, “to dip, plunge” FLOATING-LEAVED BUR-REED Sparganium fluctuans fluctuans...

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