How the Russians Read the French: Lermontov, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy

Index

Academy dictionary (1789–94), 5, 14 Adolphe (Constant), 37, 39, 40–41, 42, 217 adultery: adulteress’s return to home in, 171–72;audience’sfamiliaritywith,11; death for adulteress in, 162–63, 169, 170, 243n34; debates about, 161; dilemma of children in, 159–60; in Emile and Sophie, 155–61; forgiveness and reaffirmed familial values in, 152, 154, 160, 161; God, not man, as judge of, 162–63, 169, 221; heroines of, 178–82; husband’s responsibility and forgiveness in, 172–74; incoherent misery in, 197–98; motifs in, 182–85; motivation considered in, 157–58; murder story linked to, 198–200; physiological type of, 195; plot similarities in, 177–78; point of view in, 153–54; public opinion of, 158–59; religious hypocrisy viewed in, 174–75; Rousseau’s ideals applied to, 186–93; sympathy for woman’s dilemmas in, 181–82; Tolstoy ’s questions about, 190. See also Anna Karenina (Tolstoy); Madame Bovary (Flaubert) Aizelwood, Robin, 51–52, 230n42 Akhmatova, Anna, 18 Alexandrov, Vladimir, 248n13 Altman, M. O., 146 American Indians, 52–55 American Revolution, 23, 24 Anderson, Benedict, 6 Anna Karenina (Tolstoy): bell motif in, 216– 17; biblical references in, 160–61; city as corrupting force in, 183; context of adulteress theme in, 11; dialectical pattern of, 7; divorce in, 170; Dostoevsky on, 221, 246n82; everyday life in, 218; Flaubert’s motifs redeployed in, 188– 93; French language in, 183; French view of, 154; heroine of, 178–82; inspiration for, 33; Levin’s world as scaffolding of, 186, 187; literary context of, 152–54; Man-Woman juxtaposed to, 162–63; as materialist Gospel, 201–3, 205–9; Oblonsky as destructive force in, 191–93; peasant (muzhik) emblem in, 182–85; as philosophical novel, 157; plot of, 177–78; railroad emblem in, 182–83, 184, 192; response to Zola in, 194; sea, sails, sailors, and boats motifs of, 212–13; sources of, 242n7; urbanization motif in, 183; writing of, 161; specific subtexts discussed : hierarchy of, 219, 221–22; Claude’s Wife, 171–76; Emile and Sophie , 155–61; Gospels, 201–9; Madame Bovary, 10, 153–54, 178–85; Madeleine Férat, 195, 197–98; Man-Woman, 164– 70; Thérèse Raquin, 198–200 263 Index Note: Italicized page numbers indicate illustrations. Anna Leopoldovna (regent of Russia), 5 Armstrong, Judith, 244n63 “The Arrangement” (Balzac): description of, 28–32; publication of, 17, 26–27; as subtext for “The Overcoat,” 27–32 L’Artiste (journal), 26 Austria: imperial domination by, 59 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 12–13, 221, 241n130 ballroom scenes, 178–79 Balzac, Honoré de, 27; animal simile of, 31; as artist lacking spirituality, 11; biblical references of, 106; character’s mention of, 40, 66; diabolic character depicted by, 141; Dostoevsky on, 90, 217; on école du désenchantement, 91; in hierarchy of subtexts, 219–20; on Janin, 94, 107; Janin’s Confession juxtaposedto ,89;Janin’shousedescription and, 128; loss of faith theme and, 222; on materialism, 108; as one source for Hero, 35, 38, 55–56; popularity of, 91, 103; Pushkin’s and Lermontov’s references to, 84–85; readership of, 93; realism of, 36; René as source for, 211; as social melodramatist, 150; “sublime being”of, 105; Tolstoy on, 176, 198; understood through Crime and Punishment , 92; writings in Revue étrangère (list), 17; works: The Civil Servants, 28; Colonel Chabert, 27, 32; Cousin Bette, 176; Eugénie Grandet, 90; The Human Comedy, 27, 176; Parents pauvres , 234n11; Physiology of Marriage, 84; Scenes from Private Life, 56; Un début dans la vie, 98, 235n31; A Woman of Thirty, 55–56, 66, 85. See also “The Arrangement ” (Balzac); Père Goriot (Balzac ); Wild Ass’s Skin, The (Balzac) Banville, Théodore de, 94, 235n29 Barran, Thomas, 226n23, 246n103, 248n15 Bashutsky,AleksandrPavlovich,46–48 Batyushkov, Konstantin Nikolayevich , 26 Baudelaire, Charles, 176 Bazin, René, 93 Belinsky, V. G., 44, 95 Belkin cycle. See Tales of Belkin, The (Pushkin) Belknap, Robert, 7, 33, 131, 148, 241n140 Bellizard, Ferdinand, 15, 17 bell motif, 213–17 Bem, Alfred, 92 Bernard, Charles de, 35, 37, 68–71 Bernheimer, Charles, 236n41, 236n45 Bethea, David M., 232n87, 233n89 Bible and biblical texts:Adam and Eve in, 169, 175; in Anna Karenina, 160–61; in Brothers Karamazov, 140, 239n99; Cain in, 136, 238n90; in French literature, 106, 175; in Hero, 60; in hierarchy of subtexts, 218–19, 220; moral authority of, 221; Prodigal Son theme, 77, 84; resacralization of, 105; in Russia vs. Europe, 6–7; water mentioned in, 146. See also Gospels; Jesus Christ; New Testament Biblioteka...