Tourism, Landscape, and the Irish Character: British Travel Writers in Pre-Famine Ireland

Index

Index k k k k k 257 Aalen, F. H. A., 98, 101, 132, 134 Achill Island, County Mayo, 172–73, 176 Act of Union, 14, 82, 114, 125, 203n30 Adare, County Limerick, 33 Addison, Richard, 29 Adler, Judith, 13 agricultural landscape: aestheticizing of, 162, 163, 22n36; aesthetics and utility , 138–40, 222n29; British misreading of, 127–45, 197–98; in England, 133–36, 142–46; in Ireland, 127–45; and picturesque tourism, 138; and social order, 140–41. See also enclosure ; flax; land use patterns; pasturage agriculture: English, 128, 133–35, 138–39, 140–41, 143–46; Irish, 83–84, 134–38, 139, 146. 148–51, 168–69, 171, 176, 178–89. See also conacre system; enclosure; flax; hedgerows; potato; rundale settlements Andrews, Malcolm, 24 Anglo-Irish. See proprietors, Irish; travel writers Anglo-Saxon. See under race Anti-Catholic attitudes, 40–45, 48–50, 188, 208n16, 208n2, 225n26, 225n27. See also religion antiquities, 32–38; and British national identity, 34–35, 36–37; and emotions , 49–50; at Glendalough, 27, 49–50; and Irish historical discontinuity , 35–38, 206n1; Irish and national origins of, 35–36; at religious sites in Ireland, 40–41–49–50; and spiritual feelings, 33, 34, 39, 41; as tourist attractions, 34. See also melancholy Antrim, County, 151–52 Ards Peninsula, County Down, 147 Ariès, Philippe, 47 Armagh, County, 149–50 Ashworth, John Harvey: on Connemara, 178–81, 229n40; on graveyards, 46; on Irish character, 117; on “ownership ” of landscape, 163, 226n3; on post-Famine landscape, 176 Atkinson, A., 29–30, 31–32 Axton, W. F., 206n12 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 44 Ballyboffy, 153 Ballynahinch, County Galway. See Martin estate Ballyshannon, County Donegal, 153 Baltinglass, County Wicklow, 102 Barnard, Toby, 9 Barnesmore Gap, County Donegal, 151, 153, 225n20 Barrell, John, 21, 135, 138 Barrow, John: on bleaching greens, 148; on class and dress, 109; on Clew Bay, 22; compares Irish peasant to black slave, 106; on Connemara, 168; faction fighting, 77; on Martin estate, 227n12; on Ulster landscape, 153; on Ulster’s uniqueness, 151–52, 153 Barry, William Whitaker, 224n6 Barton, Richard, 11 bean chaointe, 76, 212n27 Beaumont, Gustav, 211n9 beggars, 56, 69–70, 86–89; illustration of, 88 Belfast, 152, 153, 158 Bell, Robert, 102 Bennett, William, 60, 90, 173 Beranger, Gabriel, 54, 165, 206n1 Berghoff, Hartmut, 3 Bermingham, Ann, 144, 210n14, 223n37 Bianconi, Charles (Carlo), 170 Bianconi cars, 170, 191 big house, 8–10, 12, 202n11. See also estate tourism Bilton, William, 94, 227n20 Binns, Jonathan: on Act of Union, 14; on beggars, 87; on cabins, 91, 105; compares Ireland and Britain, 110; on guides, 67; on hedgerows, 132; on Irish funeral procession, 73; on keening , 74; on naked landscape, 133; on oppression of Ireland, 115–16; on peasant costume, 54–55; on population , 103–4; on trees, 129; on Ulster poverty, 150 Black Pig’s Dyke, 147 Blake, family of Renvyle: about, 165–66; compare Irish character with British, 122; condition of land, 171; on Connemara , 165–66; and Evangelical movement, 172; and Famine, 175; on Irish character, 119–20; on trees, 130 Blake, Henry, 77, 81, 82 bleaching greens. See flax Bog of Allen, 90 bogs and bogland: reclaiming, 168, 169, 171, 178–79, 183, 185, 187–88, 190, 227n21; as tourist attraction, 189–90 Bohls, Elizabeth, 53, 205n2 boolying. See transhumance Boswell, James, 140 Bourke, Austin, 215n38–39 Bowden, C. T., 115, 118, 120, 122, 137 Boyle, John, 6th Earl of Orrey, 164 Boyle Abby: illustration of, 35 Boyne, Battle of, 38–39, 207n13 Boyne monument, 38–39, 208n14; illustration of, 40 Brewer, John, 133, 138, 143, 221n17 Britain: agricultural workers of, 122–26; rural cottages in, 112–13, 217n14, 218n15; industrial values of, 124–25; myths of, 111, 123, 143–46; patriotism and landscape in, 223n37; poverty in, 110–14, 218n15; social tensions in, 143–46 Broderick, David, 202n15 brogue. See under language Burke, Edmund, 23 Bush, John, 11, 22, 89, 164 Buzard, James, 80, 85 cabins, Irish. See under Irish peasant Caird, James, 112 Campbell, Rev. Thomas: about, 203n27; on British ignorance of Ireland, 13; on Connemara, 165; on naked landscape , 237; on Penal Laws, 115; on pigs, 91–92; as travel writer, 11, 15 canals. See under tourism infrastructure Carlyle, Thomas, 75, 105, 159, 227n21 Carr, John: on Act of Union, 14; on class in rural Ireland, 107–8, compares Irish peasant to black slave, 106; on Irish character, 121; on Irish roads, 10; on Muckross Abbey, 46–46; on oppression of Irish, 116; on potato diet, 99...