Power in Colonial Africa: Conflict and Discourse in Lesotho, 1870–1960

Notes

227  Chapter 1. Power in Theory and Practice 1. Hoy, “Power, Repression, Progress.” 2. A sample of important works include Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition; the articles in Hoy, Foucault; Bhabha, The Location of Culture; and others listed in the bibliography. 3. See, for example, Said, Representations. 4. Engels and Marks, “Introduction.” 5. Sarkar, “Hegemony and Historical Practice.” 6. Foucault, “Two Lectures,” 83, 87, 88–90, 92. 7. Foucault, “Truth and Power,” interview with Alessandro Fontana and Pasquale Pasquino, in Power/Knowledge, 109–33, 122. 8. Foucault, “Powers and Strategies,” interview with the editorial collective of Les révoltes logiques, ibid., 134–45, 141, emphasis in original. 9. Foucault, “Truth and Power,” 119. 10. Foucault, The History of Sexuality: An Introduction, 94. 11. Foucault, “The Subject and Power,” afterword in Dreyfus and Rabinow , Michel Foucault, 208–26, 219. 12. Foucault, “Two Lectures,” 102; Foucault, “Truth and Power,” 118. 13. Foucault, History of Sexuality: An Introduction, 100. 14. Ibid., 100–102. 15. Terdiman, Discourse/Counter-Discourse, 12. 16. Ibid., 38–39. 17. Terdiman, Discourse/Counter-Discourse, 39, emphasis in original. 18. Ibid., 57, 62, 18, 39, 56. 19. Scott, Domination, 18–19. 20. Roberts, The Colonial Moment. 21. Spear, “Neo-Traditionalism.” 22. Cooper, “Conflict and Connection.” See also the essays in Engels and Marks, Contesting Colonial Hegemony, and my review of it in African Economic History. 23. The study of colonial India inspired the school of Subaltern studies two decades later, with a similar agenda defined in terms of a postcolonial mindset . The blend of theory and empirical research produced by these scholars has been impressive and demonstrates the ways in which biased documents produced by colonial rulers can nevertheless be used to uncover Subaltern perspectives . Scholars of the Subaltern school have tried to reconcile the fundamentally incompatible theories of Marxism and Foucault, largely with reference to the Marxist work of Antonio Gramsci. See Prakash, “Subaltern Studies”; Mallon, “The Promise and Dilemma.” For a sample of studies from the Subaltern school see Guha and Spivak, Selected Subaltern Studies; and Landry and Maclean, The Spivak Reader. 24. Lonsdale, “The Moral Economy of Mau Mau.” 25. Feierman, Peasant Intellectuals. 26. Comaroff and Comaroff, Of Revelation and Revolution: Christianity, Colonialism , and Consciousness, 5, 22–24, 25. 27. Ibid., 26, 29. 28. Moffat, Missionary Labours, 348, 246. 29. Ibid., 228–39; and Eldredge, “Slave-Raiding.” 30. Comaroff and Comaroff, Of Revelation and Revolution: Christianity, Colonialism , and Consciousness, 17–18. 31. Larson, “Capacities.” For similar studies see the essays collected in Spear and Kimambo, East African Expressions. 32. Setiloane, The Image of God. 33. Landau, The Realm of the Word. 34. Penvenne, African Workers. 35. Ibid., 4. See my review of Penvenne, African Workers, in African Economic History. 36. Vail and White, Power and the Praise Poem. 37. Crais, The Culture of Power. 38. Keegan, Colonial South Africa. 39. Crais, White Supremacy. 40. Shillington, Colonisation. 41. McClendon, “Coercion and Conversation.” 42. Atkins, The Moon Is Dead! 43. Eldredge, A South African Kingdom. 44. Scott, Domination, 203. 45. The classic works are Thompson, Survival in Two Worlds; and Sanders, Moshoeshoe. For a discussion of sources in the precolonial history of Lesotho see Eldredge, “Land, Politics, and Censorship.” 46. Machobane, Government and Change; Burman, Chiefdom Politics; Burman, The Justice of the Queen’s Government; Kimble, Migrant Labour; Edgar, Prophets with Honour; Weisfelder, Political Contention. Earlier secondary works dealing with the colonial history and culture of the BaSotho include Lagden, The Basutos; Dutton , The Basuto of Basutoland; Tylden, The Rise of the Basuto; Ashton, The Basuto. 228 Notes to Pages 14–24 Chapter 2. Transcripts of the Past 1. Damane and Sanders, Lithoko, 59. 2. Ibid., 60. 3. For details on the early history of the BaSotho see Thompson, Survival; and Sanders, Moshoeshoe. 4. Lagden served as the Assistant Resident Commissioner and Resident Commissioner of Basutoland from 1884 to 1901, except for a brief stint in Swaziland in 1892–93. Published in 1909, his two-volume, 690-page work, The Basutos : The Mountaineers and Their Country, was begun after fifteen years in Basutoland while he was still Resident Commissioner, delayed while he was assigned to duty in the Transvaal in 1901, and completed upon his retirement from active service in 1907. 5. Ibid., 2:464, 465. 6. John Burnet, 29 July 1861, quoted in Dutton, The Basuto of Basutoland, 45 n.2. As Dutton points out, Burnet had long experience of negotiations with Moshoeshoe on behalf of the...