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142 CHAPTER 9 94 Present tense, continued The remaining present tense types all belong to the e-conjugation. 94a. Type prati Verbs like prati are similar to slati (review [65c]) and zvati (review [7a]): each inserts a vowel into the present tense stem. While the vowel is a in slati and o in zvati (1sg. šaljem and zovem, respectively), it is e in this group. For more on this type, illustrated by brati “gather” and prati “wash”, see [153k]). 94b. Type krenuti Verbs whose infinitives end in -nuti keep the consonant n in the present tense. Nearly all such verbs are perfective, though some (such as ginuti “perish”) are imperfective. For more on this type, illustrated here by krenuti “move”, see [153g]. 94c. Infinitives in -ći Verbs with infinitives in -ći fall into two general groups. One includes ići “go” and others formed from it, such as doći “come”. The present stem, seen in idem and dođem, ends either in -d or -đ, respectively (review [40a, 52b, 54] and see [153s]). The other includes verbs with present stems in -k or -g. Verbs of this group include teći (review [30b]) and moći (review [14f]). The stem-final consonants -k and -g are seen only in the 3pl. forms teku and mogu (and for moći exceptionally, 1sg.). In all other forms of the present tense, they shift to -č or -ž, respectively. Within this type, however, there is a sizeable group of verbs which retain the stem-final consonant -k or -g throughout the present tense. In these verbs, the consonant n is added before the theme vowel. All such verbs are perfective. For more, see [153r]. 94d. Type stati The present tense stem of the perfective verb stati ends in -n. This verb, which has many meanings, also gives rise to an important group of derived verbs (see [101]). The verb ostati “remain ” illustrates this group. brati gather prati wash bèrem bèremo pèrem pèremo bèreš bèrete pèreš pèrete bère bèru père pèru krènuti move, go krenem krenemo kreneš krenete krene krenu stići arrive pòmoći help stignem stignemo pòmognem pòmognemo stigneš stignete pòmogneš pòmognete stigne stignu pòmogne pòmognu òstati remain òstanem òstanemo òstaneš òstanete òstane òstanu CHAPTER 9 143 94e. Infinitives in -sti The final group of verbs comprises those with infinitives ending in -ti preceded by the consonant s. One must learn the present stem for each of these verbs, as it cannot be predicted from the infinitive. In one set of verbs, in fact, the same infinitive corresponds to two different present tense stems (and two different verbs, of course). These are the perfective verbs of transport (review [84a] and see [107]). The present stem of this group always ends in a consonant. A few verbs with stemfinal -d add n before the theme vowel: these include pasti “fall” and its derivatives, and sesti / sjesti “sit” (for more, see [120]). In other verbs, the theme vowel is added directly. The stem-final consonant, which can be -s, -z, -t, or -d, is replaced by s in the infinitive , as in jesti, 1sg. pres. jedem (review [40c]), and verbs such as gristi “bite”, tresti “shake”, and plesti “knit”. The final consonant of the stem greb- is retained before s in the infinitive (grepsti), and the infinitive rasti maintains the sequence -st- in the present tense (rastem). For more on this entire group, see [153p-q]. 95 Future tense The BCS future tense is a compound tense, composed of an auxiliary and the infinitive of the verb. The auxiliary is the verb hteti / htjeti, which also means want. In the future tense, this auxiliary can appear in the full form, the negated form or the clitic form. English speakers should take advantage of the similarities between the BCS future tense and the same tense in English. For instance, the future tense of to go in English is [I] will go, which can also be pronounced in the shortened form I’ll go. This is a compound tense, composed of an auxiliary and a main verb form in which the auxiliary – which carries the meaning of desire (of wanting or willing something to happen) – can occur either fully stressed or in shortened, unaccented form. All these statements are also true of the BCS future. 95a. Forms of the future tense...

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