Envisioning Brazil: A Guide to Brazilian Studies in the United States

Chapter 15. A Chronology of U.S.-Brazil Relations and Academic Publications, 1945-2003

CHAPTER 15 A Chronology of U.S.-Brazil Relations and Academic Publications, 1945-2003 PAULO ROBERTO DE ALMEIDA Selective Bibliography and Chronology Domestic, hemispheric, and international events, U.S.- Brazil bilateral relations 1945 • Inter-American conference of Chapultepec (Argentina not invited). • Creation of the United Nations at the San Francisco conference. • Death of Franklin D. Roosevelt, inauguration of Harry Truman. • Brazil takes part in World War II and recognizes the USSR at the demand of the United States (and as a stake for possible acceptance as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council [UNSCl). • End of the war in Europe and Asia (atomic bomb droppd on Hiroshima and Nagasaki). • Coup d'etat against Vargas returns democracy to Brazil; general elections held. 399 Academic production in each country related to the study of Brazil or about U.S.-Brazil bilateral relations (books and articles, excluding dissertations) • Hispanic Division of the Library of Congress: Handbook of Latin American Studies (published since 1936 and since 1939 by the LOC). • Pierson, Donald, Survey of the Literature on Brazil ofSociological Significance Published up to 1940. • Brown, Rose, American Emperor: Dom Pedro II of Brazil. • Cunha, Euclides da, Rebellion in the Backlands. • Verissimo, Erico, Brazilian Literature: An Outline. • Freyre, Gilberto, Brazil: An Interpretation. 400 PAULO ROBERTO DE ALMEIDA 1946 • First signs of the Cold War: • Smith, T. Lynn, Brazil, People and peace conferences divide war Institutions. allies, and Winston Churchill • James, Preston E., Brazil. warns that an "iron curtain" is • Freyre, Gilberto, The Masters and dividing Europe. the Slaves. • Brazil: inauguration of General Dutra, whose government will • President Truman signs Fulbright strictly follow the leadership of Act (Bill 584), creating an the United States during the first exchange program for interphase of the Cold War. national cooperation in cultural, • Juan Peron becomes president of technical, and educational Argentina, campaigning against matters. the U.S. ambassador (with the slogan "Braden or Peron"). 1947 • Independence of India and • Hill, Lawrence F., ed. Brazil. Pakistan; decolonization in the • Tavares de Sa, Hernane, The Third World gains support of the Brazilians: People of Tomorrow. United States against European • Landes, Ruth, The City of Women. "old" colonialism. • Trade negotiations in Geneva • Institutes of Latin American give rise to the multilateral studies established at the univertrading system (GATT- General sities of Texas and North Agreement on Tariffs and Carolina, as well as at Tulane Trade). and Vanderbilt (Brazil). • Secretary of State George C. Marshall announces a plan to assist Europe; United States approves the establishment of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), basis of the future OECD. • Conference of Petropolis approves the Inter-American Treaty for Reciprocal Assistance, a conceptual framework for what would become NATO. 1948 • Creation of the State of Israel; • Putnam, Samuel, Marvelous Ghandi is assassinated in India. Journeys: A Survey ofFour • Hardening of the Cold War in Centuries ofBrazilian Writing. Europe and Asia as a result of • Roosevelt, Theodore, Nas Selvas communist coups; the blockade do Brasil (Brazilian edition of A Chronology of U.S.-Brazil Relations and Academic Publications 401 of West Berlin confirms the 1946 alert by Winston Churchill about the "iron curtain"; George Kennan's containment doctrine becomes an official U.S. policy. • Creation of the Organization of American States (OAS) at conference in Bogota; Brazil breaks diplomatic relations with the USSR and outlaws the Communist Party. • United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment approves the Havana Charter, instituting an international trade organization (which never took effect because U.S. did not ratify). 1949 • Creation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a common defense alliance of Western countries to counter Soviet forces in Central Europe; Germany is officially divided. • The Soviet Union detonates its first atomic bomb. • Communists seize power in continental China; U.S. supports Taiwan as an official permanent member of the U.N. Security Council. • Creation of the Joint Brazil-U.S. Economic Commission 1950 • War in Korea: intervention by United States (by UNSC resolution) and China (by sending in "voluntary troops"). • Creation of the European Payments Union within the framework of the OEEC. Through the Brazilian Wilderness, 1914). • Florida University Press begins to publish, for the Hispanic Division of the Library of Congress, the Handbook of Latin American Studies (this continues till 1966, when the Handbook becomes the responsibility of University of Texas at Austin). • Wagley, Charles, The Tenetehara Indians ofBrazil. • Hunnicutt, B. M., Brazil: World Frontier. • Wythe, George, Brazil: An Expanding Economy. • Creation of Escola...