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Lesson 11: Thermodynamics II (applications) I.-*J~=t=--f*ff I.-*J~=t=- (J)Jjj{I:m ~~fJ(]fftfnU ~~lli9 ttlA t) (J)tel: v~ ~t);tl ~JN~ ~Jt~J:t _~Jt 15-:j'~t ~ ~/J\fi M~ td. Gm~t~ tJJ1J~~ m-fl(J)7k~~~ I./"" 0 l::-m*jtfj 1tJT~~{~ ~t~(J) #t~~ ~U~ 77':7~'7A(J)JJj(I:m ~J:t ~~~Mt~~m l*Jf~/FPI~~m td. Gv'S~ *JV/A"" · /7/7 (J) )E~ 11f-1iX:Jt ~~td. ~iif~ tfii~f( ~?lJj tnJ,=C: -:J -C 'b J:: v~ tffiU~~~ I~9~¥IjJi/FPIfjgtt ~r I.*J~=t=-*'// I.*J~=t=-(J)7/1) A':77177:1=-A10/ ~!>tJ~t~9 -ev~ t) (J)tel:v~ '5 ~tc:~ ~~/71~:1=­ t/t:1=-~/ td.~~t~ e~3 '7 1 ) 3 '7 *:1=-.:L':7 te:t G~~~t~ ~ '7 1) 3 7:1=-7J / ?T.-1-1 'Y ~ .:L(J)I -1 :1=-.:L ':7 :1=-7J/ I. / ,... 0 e-'/'7?T·1 '} 7 ~/*'Y~/7J ~1""':7(J) :1=-3':7:1=-.:L97/ b~ 7 7 '7 ~ ':7A(J)1-// 1) l::3'7~:1=- ?T~/* 'Y~.:L /t-1 7:1=-7J71 ?T./*'Y 7 7J:¥~ 7 7J 71 td. G~~ *JV/A"" · /7/7 (J) 71 1 ) ~ /1 'Yt17·/ :1=-/~'Ytd. ~l) 39t1 7~/71Ar) ~'Y'}7 td.1v ,=C: -:J -C 'b J:: v) ;t/~71A9 ?799~ ""'7~'Y77JJr)t1 :J9n -147energy conservation energy principle mathematical inference/reasoning to derive without exchange, without inflow and outflow can exist, is possible to receive, to accept, to take in differential form line integral to name, to term, to designate minute quantity, differential quantity supply, replenishment to continue performing engine perpetual motion machine of the first kind principle of increase of entropy adiabatic change equivalent source of supply to divide Clausius' principle form of expression, representation adiabatic quasi-static process adiabatic irreversible process to line up, to be in line Nemst-Planck theorem single component homogeneous extensive {in the thermodynamic sense} universal constant actual measurement we may choose any value, the value is arbitrary temperature coefficient to scheme, to devise, to playa clever trick unattainability, impossibility of reaching lowering ~1J~~~)£f! /F~~tJ: ~~t~m$ JX~ ~m~tJ: ~ff~tJ: *JV/A r-O)~)£~ /F)£O) ~}]~,: ~~.Q 7t-rfnU~tJ: ~Jv'Y~ /O)JJ1{J!I! fi-r~rm ~f{ 1!Jt€~m m~J3t m~ :!A,qt:.. m~t-cv)~~ ~"/*~3'7=t=­ tJ\t:::'$9 ~~3'7~-1 dj..~tJ~b ~~ tJ 7J\/'{ "Ot~t)tJ~b :/::J-ryx/ ~1~.:Lr)~3r)~1 ~~~1=t-~-1 T~-t=FtJVt:*'Y .7f:JVAr) ~~ =t 1 ) 7 }v7~ A'7 Oxo¥/*~~r)T3rJ t'Y') -149adiabatic process to prohibit, to decline, to apologize quasi-static adiabatic process quasi-static change isentropic process adiabatic free expansion periodic motion oscillator~ resonator, vibrator (bow)string, chord {math} adiabatic invariant the time before quantum theory Ehrenfest adiabatic hypothesis to advocate, to espouse~ to recite quantum mechanical form transitional methodology to argue, to discuss~ to debate quantum state Sommerfeld raising of status Schrooinger equation adiabatic theorem invariant Boltzmann relation invoking, quoting, claiming to cut off, to sever., to block adiabatic vesseVcontainer one side, one party initial state right side partition left side being filled with~ teeming with final state real gas molar specific heat at constant volume number of moles second virial coefficient to grow cold, to cool down adiabatic expansion cutting off, isolation lt~lt t:*'Yt: specific-heat ratio ~ti~fi I'?;t/n71 isothermal process 11-8: ~~ll~~t ~ti~it I''7;t/~/n isothermal change f*~JJ t;:'~~JJ while keeping/preservinglmaintaining/holding 11-9: 1::- ~~/:1 t:-I'~// heat pump n\~ it~ocJt-fi .&Jt~Jt PJr&4'J IIft~J fmMi ~1jl11;t 13 jj7 J\ / J ? -1 '/J~ /' J\ '/ / 9 -:f 'Y ~ ~'1 7J*/~Y '"!t/13-if-1 tJ1~ 7-.y 'Y tJ x.*Jv=t=- ~~/l: 7-1 '.I? J\/ /9*'/ /\,/ / rJt1t1-.f'Y l~o):B~~~j~ t>x.~ t?5',/ l:::39;(/-*/~3r) t:?-if-1 =t:-39:f.:L9'J'"J? ~tUfJ 9~ bI./*:/:/39 thermoelectromotive force conductor connection, union, junction closed circuit junction (electric) circuit electromotive force thermoelectric current Seebeck effect Joule heat Peltier effect Thomson effect Peltier coefficient neutral temperature inversion temperature thermoelectric power thermoelectric power reference temperature detection of heat (rays) oxidizable substanceJmaterial to emit, to give forth oxidation combustion within an organism, ill vivo combustion slow, sluggish rapid, swift, quick genentlchenricalreaction reactant combustible (substance) oxidant...

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