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Glossary of Habitat Terms This glossary provides definitions of habitat terms that may not be in everyday usage. Definitions of habitats such as ponds, lakes, streams, brooks, temporary pools, and many others which are readily understood by everyone are not included here. It must be realized that some terms have regional meanings . Thus, what is called a pond in Newfoundland is certainly large enough to be called a lake anywhere else. Likewise the term "bog" in the South describes a somewhat different habitat from that in the North, yet there are strong enough similarities (in acidity, poor drainage, brown waters, and some of the same species) that the term "bog" is readily understood by a northerner visiting a southern bog. Acid water. Water characterized by a pH value below 7, but more often below a pH of 6. Alkaline water. Water that is high in calcium carbonate content . This water is also typically correlated with a pH above 7. Alluvial plain. Flat, often broad, river margins with an accumulation of silt caused by seasonal flooding. Also called a floodplain. Alluvial tidal freshwater shore. Flat shore with an accumulation of silty soil due to diurnal tidal flooding, caused by oceanic tides backing up the flow of freshwater, thus upstream from the area of penetration of saltwater. Alpine bog. A bog found above the timber line at high elevations , or somewhat lower elevations at high latitudes. Bayou. A slow-moving creek or stream usually near the coast; primarily in the Gulf coastal plain region. Bog. In the North, an acid peat-accumulating wetland that has no significant inlets or outlets and supports various acidophilic plants. Sphagnum moss is typically present, and the habitat is nutrient poor. There is frequently a floating mat of vegetation on the margin of an open bog pond. In the South, bogs are open or semi-open areas characterized by grass and sedge flora. Bottomland. Low land found adjacent to a river or stream that experiences periodic flooding. Brackish water. Non-coastal water with a moderate to high concentration of dissolved inorganic salts; salty. Calcareous fen. Low marshy ground covered wholly or partly with standing water over a limestone bedrock, and characterized by lime-loving plants. See Fen. Canal. A waterway originally dug for navigation, irrigation, or transporting water. Canebrake. A thicket of Canegrass, Arundinaria gigantea; found in the South. Cedar swamp. A swamp dominated by either Northern White 441 Cedar, Thuja occidentalis, or Atlantic Coast Cedar, Chamaecyparis thyoides. See Swamp. Cobble. An area characterized by numerous small to mediumsized stones. Conifer swamp. A swamp dominated by Tamarack, Larix laricina , and/or Black Spruce, Picea mariana. See Swamp. Cranberry bog. A bog managed as an agricultural area for the cultivation of cranberries, Vaccinium macrocarpon. Cypress swamp. A swamp with much standing water for the growing season, and characterized by the deciduous conifer Taxodium. Ditch. A manmade channel that is often seasonally wet. Estuary. Shallow to deep saline tidal waters and adjacent saline wetlands where river systems meet the ocean. Salinity levels are lower than oceanic levels because of freshwater runoff from the land and incoming rivers and streams. Eutrophic water. Water that is high in nutrients, particularly nitrates and phosphates. Fen. A peat-accumulating wetland that receives some of its nutrients from the substrate and from runoff waters. It usually supports marsh-like vegetation and shrubs. Flats. Usually applied to broad, flat areas, especially behind dunes or along broad, sandy lake shores that are occasionally flooded, and where the water table is close to the surface. Floodplain. See Alluvial plain. Fresh tidal flat. A mud flat that is subjected to fluctuation but is upstream of the area penetrated by saltwater. Freshwater tidal marsh. A marshy area along a tidal river flooded twice a day by freshwater, upstream of the area penetrated by saltwater, and characterized by sedge vegetation. Glade. An open area in a woods or forest, often wet and marshy and dominated by sedges and grasses. Impoundment. A manmade body of water. This is often subjected to great water-level fluctuations because of drawdown and spring recharge. Mangrove swamp. A tropical and subtropical forested wetland characterized by the presence of tides and saltwater, typically developing at the mouths of river systems. Marl. Calcium carbonate (lime) that is precipitated by certain aquatic plants such as Chara and Potamogeton in the process of photosynthesis. Marly sand. Damp to wet sand rich in marl. Marly wet panne, Barren marl flat that is covered with a deposit ofmarl because offlooding and...

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