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REFERENCES AND NOTES PRIMARY SOURCES Unfortunately, there is no collection of Garvey papers. Garvey's own files were scattered during the years of his imprisonment and exile from the United States and much of what reraained of his personal records was destroyed in the London bombings of 1940-41. Apparently the institutional records of the Universal Negro Improvement Association also failed to survive the organization's decline. With respect to the Black Star Line, however, the picture is considerably brighter. There are original Black Star papers in the files of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, United States of America v. Marcus Garvey, dockets C31-37 and C33-688, and the record of Garvey's income tax troubles is contained in docket C38-771. The printed record of the federal trial of Garvey and his three Black Star associates, Marcus Garvey v. United States of America, United States Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, docket 8317, contains valuable testimony on Garvey's steamship fiasco as well as on larger aspects of the U.N.LA. movement . The several hundred government and defense exhibits are perhaps the best single source of material on the Black Star Line. The record of Garvey's attempt to purchase ships from the government is to be found in the files of the United States Shipping Board in the National Archives of the United States. Similarly, the files of the Department of State in the National Archives also contain much interesting material on the voyage of Black Star ships, the extent of Garvey's influence and following abroad, the abortive U.N.LA. colonization venture in Liberia, and, not least important, the apprehensive reaction of State Department officials to Garvey's activities. Like the inadequate manuscript materials, the files of the various Garvey publications-the weekly Negro World, the daily Negro Times, and the monthly Black Man-are scattered and incomplete. The Moorland Collection of Howard University and the Schomburg 227 Copyrighted Material 228 References Collection of the New York Public Library have what can be described only as eXh'emely broken files of these periodicals. The New York Public Library has several issues of the Black Man, published from London in the 1930's, but copies of this last Garvey propaganda organ are rare and, as far as I have been able to ascertain, are not filed in any London library. I have been most fortunate to secure copies of the Black Man from Mrs. Garvey and to use Mr. Hodge Kirnon's extensive private collection of the other Garvey publications. Much Garvey material has appeared in printed form. Garvey's widow, Mrs. Amy Jacques Garvey, has edited two volumes of his early writings, Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey (N.Y.: Universal Publishing House, 1923) and Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey or Africa for the Africans (1926). Since, in spite of the lengthened title, the second of these books was published as Volume II, they are referred to in the notes as Volumes I and II of Garvey's Philosophy and Opinions. Mrs. Garvey also edited two volumes of her husband's poetry, The Tragedy of White In;ustice and Selections from the Poetic Meditations of Marcus Garvey (N.Y.: Amy Jacques Garvey, 1927), and a pamphlet dealing with his trial and conviction, United States of America vs. Marcus Garvey: Was Justice Defeated? (N.Y.: Amy Jacques Garvey, 1925). Several of Garvey's organizational speeches have survived: Speech of Marcus Garvey . .. Delivered at 71st Regiment Armory (n.d.); Speech at Madison Square Garden on the Return of a Delegation from Abroad (N.Y., 1924); Aims and Ob;ectives of a Movement for the Solution of the Negro Outlined (N.Y., 1924); Speech Delivered by Marcus Garvey at Royal Albert Hall, London (London: U.N.I.A., 1928); Minutes of Proceedings of a Speech by Marcus Garvey at the Century Theatre, London, Sunday, September 2, 1928 (London: Vail, 1928) . Both the 1922 and 1928 appeals to the League of Nations are included in Renewal of Petition of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities' League to the League of Nations (London : Vail, 1928). The Constitution and Book of Laws of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities' League (July, 1918, amended August, 1920) was issued in both English and Spanish. There is much autobiographical matter in Marcus Garvey, "The Negro's Greatest Enemy," Currellt History Magazine, Copyrighted Material [18.116.40.177] Project MUSE (2024-04...

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