Church Resistance to Nazism in Norway, 1940-1945

Index

351 Index “A Mighty Fortress Is Our God” (hymn), 122 Andersen, Johannes, 105, 297n6 Annunciation Day protest, 140–41, 155 anti-Judaism, 30 anti-Semitism, 7, 10, 29–31, 33; as anti-Christian, 29, 33, 271–72; and Confessing Church, 17, 272, 282n49; Constitutional exclusion of from Norway, 29, 207–8; and Feyling, 194, 213–14; and German Lutheranism, 7, 14–17, 271–72, 282n49; and Luther, 16–17, 212– 14, 281n48; and Netherlands, 274; and NS church, 191, 193–94, 213, 310n17; and NS state, 30–31, 39– 40, 206–9; and treason trials, 254– 55; and yellow “Jewish business” signs, 205–6 Apostles’ Creed, 8, 12, 18, 23, 57 “Appeal to the Norwegian People” (Feyling), 109–10, 297n6 Arbeiderbladet (newspaper), 248 Arnesson, Nikolas, 160, 305n24 Aryan theology, 7, 29; Aryan Christ, 14–15, 194 Athanasian Creed, 18–19 atheists, 187 Absolutism, 19 Abwehr, 85–86 Act of State at Akershus, 120, 218–19 Administrative Council: formation of, 48–50, 126; and invasion of Norway, 43–46; and Jews, 205; and National Council Negotiations, 52–54, 248; and Terboven, 49–50, 52; and treason debate, 248 Aftenposten, 115 Agder Diocese, 20, 184–85 Agrarian Party government, 39 Aker, Ivar. See Schirmer, Ernst A. Akershus County, 45, 53 Ålesund, 63, 223, 313n29 Allies, 41, 97, 109, 119, 169; and Battle of the Bulge, 230; media of, 212, 223; in Norway, 243–45; and Omaha Beach, 230; and postwar era, 267, 269; Supreme Command, 230, 244; and Sweden, 267; and victory, 176– 77, 244–45; Western Front, 216, 229– 30. See also names of Allied countries Althaus, Paul, 6, 14, 84, 193, 264 ambassador, German, 41, 43–46 Amdahl, Einar, 21, 155–56, 236, 288n16, 304n6; arrest/imprisonment of, 236; and Stavanger manifesto, 175–76 352 · Index Augsburg Confession, 15–16, 19–20, 57; Article 16, 15; Article 28, 16; and NS church system, 97; and Valen-Sendstad, 156 Aulén, Gustaf, 80, 235, 267 Auschwitz, 209, 214–15 Austad, Torleiv, 30, 261–62, 322n27, 323n56 authoritarian state, 13, 84–86; and NS church, 194, 197–99, 201; and polity (church order), 110–12, 197–99; and treason trials, 253. See also names of authoritarian parties and states autonomous church, 180–90; administration of, 181–82; and arrests/ imprisonments/deportations, 238– 39; claiming parishes for, 186–88, 200–201; and communication, 182– 84, 308n12; establishing, 170–71, 174, 176–77; finances for, 184–86, 189; and The Foundation of the Church, 158; and “ice front” of social non-cooperation, 99, 186, 199–200, 311n37; and mission societies , 188–89; newsletters of, 201; and non-cooperation policy, 180–81, 186, 196, 199–200; and PCL, 170– 71, 174, 180–84; and politics, 187, 189–90; spies in, 187 baptisms, 19–20, 131, 159; and autonomous church, 181, 186; and Jews, 211; and NS church, 186, 188 Baptists, 21, 133, 211 Barbarossa, 108–10, 120, 172, 244, 295n13, 297n6; and Finland, 109, 172, 266; and Jews, 206–7 Barmen Declaration, 8–9, 74, 209, 261; Jews excluded from, 209 Barth, Karl, 8, 24, 209, 268, 270 Bastiansen, Alf, 151fig., 196, 231 Bavaria, 8–9 BBC (Norwegian), 48, 100, 131, 290n10; and compulsory labor service , 226; and Jewish persecution, 212 Beck, Wilhelm, 288n16 Belgium, invasion of, 51 Bentzen, Amund, 80 Berg, Paal, 44–46, 52, 123, 126, 286n21, 289n25; and Circle (Kretsen), 105; and clergy’s resignations, 157; and liberation, 245; and professional organizations, 72 Bergen, 91, 135–36, 185, 187, 238, 295n37; and The Foundation of the Church, 155–56, 208–9 Bergersen, Birger, 72, 289n25 Berggrav, Eivind J., 144fig., 146fig., 148fig.; Asker cottage of, 146fig., 158, 163, 178; as Bishop of Oslo, 19, 32, 37, 54, 107, 113–15, 234; and Bishops’ Conference, 19, 56–57, 110, 112–14; and bishops’ resignations, 123–28; Burge Memorial Lecture, 262–63; and CCC, 58–64, 73–75, 107, 117, 190, 272–73, 288n19; as Christian hero of Nazi era, 268, 272– 73; and Church Order Commission, 260; and Church’s Consultative Council, 117; and Circle (Kretsen), 105–7, 221, 297n46; and civilian casualties, 46–48; as civil servant, 44, 47; and compulsory youth service , 131–33, 135, 141, 302n12; and conscience, 71–73, 104, 160, 254, 290n13; and Coordination Committee , 107, 297n46; on death penalty, 248; and diocesan communication networks, 183; and duty of disobedience , 80–81; and ecumenical movement , 32, 37–38, 48, 57, 64, 92, 164, 263–69; escape from house arrest, 246; and exclusion of Jews, 156, 205– 6, 208–9...