Subversive Seduction: Darwin, Sexual Selection, and the Spanish Novel

Notes

no t e s introduction 1. Plato, Complete Works, ed. John M. Cooper (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1997). All works referenced in this opening paragraph come from this edition with the corresponding line numbers for the passages cited as: Statesman, 311b; Theages, 121b; Laws, 6.783e; Republic, 5.459e, 5.460a. 2. Bert Bender, The Descent of Love: Darwin and the Theory of Sexual Selection in American Fiction, 1871–1926 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996). 3. Fredric Jameson, The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1981), 40. 4. Joseph Carroll, Literary Darwinism: Evolution, Human Nature, and Literature (New York: Routledge, 2004). 5. David Barash and Nanelle Barash, Madame Bovary’s Ovaries: A Darwinian Look at Literature (New York: Delacorte, 2005). 6. José Ortega y Gasset, Meditaciones del Quijote, vol. 1 of Obras completas (Madrid: Revista de Occidente, 1961), 400. Unless otherwise noted or indicated in the list of works cited, all translations throughout this study are my own. 7. Émile Zola, “The Experimental Novel,” in Documents of Modern Literary Realism, ed. George J. Becker (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1963), 177. 8. Adrian Desmond and James Moore, Darwin (New York: Warner Books, 1991). 9. René Girard, Deceit, Desire, and the Novel: Self and Other in Literary Structure, trans. Yvonne Freccero (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1965); Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985). 10. Harriet S. Turner, “Family Ties and Tyrannies: A Reassessment of Jacinta,” Hispanic Review 51 (1983): 1–22. 11. Gillian Beer, Darwin’s Plots: Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot, and Nineteenth-Century Fiction (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000). Notes to Introduction and Chapter 1 266 12. Eve-Marie Engels and Thomas Glick, eds., The Reception of Charles Darwin in Europe, 2 vols. (London: Continuum, 2009); Jerry Hoeg and Kevin Larsen, eds., Interdisciplinary Essays on Darwinism in Hispanic Literature and Film: The Intersection of Science and the Humanities (New York: Mellen, 2009). 13. Sedgwick, Between Men, 16. 14. David Damrosch, What Is World Literature? (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2003). 15. William Flesch, Comeuppance: Costly Signaling, Altruistic Punishment , and Other Biological Components of Fiction (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2007); Laura Otis, Membranes: Metaphors of Invasion in Nineteenth-Century Literature, Science, and Politics (Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999). chapter 1. the very notion of “real” reciprocity between literature and science 1. An early history of studies and professional organizations concerned with literature and science is provided by Stuart Peterfreund, ed., Literature and Science: Theory and Practice (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1990), 3–13. Other book-length studies on science and literature include John H. Cartwright and Brian Baker, Literature and Science: Social Impact and Interaction (Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 2005); John Christie and Sally Shuttleworth, eds., Nature Transfigured: Science and Literature, 1700–1900 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989); Tess Cosslett, The “Scientific Movement” and Victorian Literature (Sussex: Harvester, 1982); N. Katherine Hayles, Chaos and Order: Complex Dynamics in Literature and Science (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991); L. J. Jordanova, ed., Languages of Nature: Critical Essays on Science and Literature (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1986); George Levine, ed., One Culture: Essays in Science and Literature (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987); and Peter Morton, The Vital Science: Biology and the Literary Imagination, 1860–1900 (London : Allen and Unwin, 1984). 2. The nomenclature here and in the following paragraphs, of “humanists ” (constructivists) and “empiricists” (essentialists), originates in the discourse under investigation; these are not casual descriptors. Therefore, though these dichotomies might be false, they are not empty. Rather than dismiss the terminology it inherits, this study aims to draw out the internal contradictions of such oppositions in an effort to reveal the double-edged nature of the issues at stake. 3. Jordanova, Languages of Nature, 15; George Levine, “One Culture: Science and Literature,” in Levine, One Culture, 3. 4. Gillian Beer, “Problems of Description in the Language of Discovery,” in Levine, One Culture, 56. 5. James Bono, “Science, Discourse, and Literature: The Role/Rule of Metaphor in Science,” in Peterfreund, Literature and Science, 59–90. Notes to Chapter 1 267 6. Stephen Alter, Darwinism and the Linguistic Image: Language, Race, and Natural Theology in the Nineteenth Century (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999); Robert M. Young, Darwin’s Metaphor: Nature’s Place in Victorian Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985). 7. Bono...