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A NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION Transliterations from the Russian are based on the Library of Congress standard. Transliterations from Kazakh are based on the standard developed by the Central Eurasian Studies Society (http://cessJas .harvard.edulcesr/CESR_trans_cyr.html), although diacritical marks have been removed to make the English versions less awkward. Many of the places and people referred to in the text have both Russianlanguage names and similar, but not identical, Kazakh-Ianguage equivalents. I have tried to be sensitive to context in identifying the language that is most appropriate. For example, ifan interviewee preferred to speak Kazakh, I transliterate from Kazakh when referencing her name. Ifshe preferred to speak Russian, Itransliterate from Russian. XIV ...

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