Toxic Archipelago: A History of Industrial Disease in Japan

Index

271 abortion, 131–32, 139–40, 165–66 acetaldehyde production, 148–49, 159–60 acetylene, 158 acid rain, 30, 94–95 actor-network theory, 228n26 aesthetics of beautiful skin, 111 afterdamp, 201 Agricultural Chemical Control Law (1948), 61 agriculture: fertilizers, 151–58; monocrop, 56; mulberry, 29, 32, 38–39; pain and modern agriculture, 44; soybeans and wild boar famine, 40–41. See also insecticides ; rice paddies and plants aibukidō (alloyed copper), 80–81 Akō Incident, 3–4 aldrin, 24, 66, 229n4 Allied Occupation, 10, 181 Allied prisoners, 117 alloyed copper (aibukidō), 80–81 Amagasaki City (Hyogo Prefecture), 213–15 Amaterasu Ōmikami (Sun Goddess), 133 Note: page numbers in italics refer to illustrations; those followed by “t” refer to tables. i n d e x American Cyanamid, 26, 60, 61–63 ammonium sulfate, 159 amphibole asbestos, 213 anchovies (Engraulis japonicus), 149–50 Andō Hiroshige, 207 Andō Shōeki, 11–12, 39–44, 99–100 Annaka zinc refinery, 126 Anshin Tōdō, 76 aqueduct system, 156 “arbitration agreements,” 100 arsenic, 56, 95–96 Asahara Shōkō, 59 Asano Naganori, 3–4 asbestos, 211–15, 219 Ashio copper mine: cadmium levels downstream , 126; current state and description of, 83–86, 85, 87; environmental health effects of, 93–97; labor riot (1907), 81–83; Meiji technological advances, 86–89; pollution and pollution control, 83, 89–93; silkworms and, 28; state power and, 72; Tanaka’s campaign against, 97–107; 272 Index Ashio copper mine (continued) technological advances and environmental connections, 72–73. See also copper mines Asian gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus), 143 Asiatic rice borers (Chilo suppressalis), 60, 62, 68–69 Asquith, Pamela, 218 asthma, 4–5, 128, 207–10 Aum Shinrikyō, 59–60 Balaenopter spp. (minke whales), 142–43 Basic Law for Pollution Control (1967), 217–19 Bayer, 59–60, 62 beauty, definitions of, 110–11 bell cricket (Homoeogryllus japonicus), 26–27 Benxihu colliery, 179, 195–96, 197–99 Besshi copper mine (Iyo Province), 79–80 BHC (benzene hexachloride), 66 bioaccumulation and biomagnification, xviii, 147–50, 229n4 bioavailability, and oxidation of cadmium, 110, 121 biological sentinels: Ashio mine and, 93–97; Minamata disease and, 144–47; silkworms as, 28 biological weapons, 37–38 biotechnology: biological weapons, 37–38; predatory insects as, 27–28; silkworms as, 33–34 birds, 43 birth defects, xviii, 170–71, 172 Bizendate Mountain, 83 Black, Brad, 213 blue asbestos, 213, 219 boats, meaning of, 140 bodies, human: industrialization of, 8; nationalization of, 11; pain as embedded in, 6–7; pollution and defilement, notions of, 163–64, 166–67, 171, 182; traditional Japanese conceptions of medicine, 163–68. See also pain Bordeaux mixture, 56, 57 “brain sickness,” 103–5 brick industry, 29 British Phosphate Commission, 153–54 Buddhism: Andō and, 39, 42–43; fishing communities and, 142; hell image in, 184–87; historical personalities and insect behavior, 47–48; on human development , 169–70; medical notions, 164; mosquito-borne illness and cemetery cisterns, 35–36; redemptive imaginary of, 187–88; replacement of belief with science , 55; sustainability and, 144. See also transmigration of souls buffers, 17, 73–74 bunmei kaika (“civilization and enlightenment ”), 177 Bureau of Entomology, U.S., 25, 26 butterflies, 35 cadmium: Kamioka yield and, 117; levels of, 123, 126; in rice paddies near Ashio mine, 95; waste from Kamioka concentration process, 116t, 117t, 118t. See also Kamioka mine complex and Jinzū River Basin cadmium poisoning. See “it hurts, it hurts disease” (itai itai byō, cadmium poisoning) calcium cyanamide process, 158–59 calendars, 41 California Indians, 143–44 camphor, 161–62 Canis lupus hodophilax (Japanese wolf), 40 capitalist expansion and war, 178, 210 carbide, 159 carnivores, 7–8, 224 carp (Cyprinus carpio), 63 Carson, Rachel, 24 cash-crop farming, rise of, 155 cats, “dancing,” 13, 144–46 cedar pollen allergies, 223 celluloid, 160–61 cement, 221–23, 223 cemeteries, Buddhist cisterns in, 35–36 Centeter cinerea (tachinid flies), 25–28, 67–68 Index 273 chaos theory, 54, 59 chemical weapons, 59–60 Chikuhō region, 176, 180, 221, 222. See also coal mines childbirth, 129–31, 166–67 Chilo suppressalis (Asiatic rice borers), 60, 62, 68–69 China: copper and silver trade with, 74–76, 77, 78t; fertilizers from, 154; Honkeiko mine and explosion (1942, Manchuria), 179, 195–96, 197–99; Japanese biological weapons program in, 37; silk and, 29, 30, 32, 74; Sino-Japanese War (1895), 177–78, 195 chisan, chisui (“care for mountains and forests, care for rivers and streams”), 106 Chisso Corporation: announcement and...