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Acknowledgments Libraries in Berkeley, Morioka, Seattle, Tanabe, and Tokyo made available, for use in this book, maps that aid in visualizing the bygone world of the orphan tsunami of 1700. The example above-from the collection of the East Asian Library of the University of California, Berkeley-shows moats and samurai neighborhoods spiraling around the castle grounds of Edo in 1684. The white box outlines an area of daimyo mansions (enlarged view, p.61). The Berkeley collection can be viewed at http://www.davidrumsey.com/japan/. The image above is excerpted from "Eiri Edo oezu," published in Ten' na 4 by Hyoshiya lchirobe'e. Courtesy of East Asian Library, University of California, Berkeley. 106 THE ORPHAN TSUNAMI OF 1700 1 km WHERE JAPANESE WRITERS recorded the 1700 tsunami, dozens of people helped us explore questions central to this book: Who wrote the original accounts of the flooding and damage? Why were these accounts written and how were they preserved? Which passages contain errors in copying? Where are the places described as flooded? Were these same places reached by the 1960 tsunami as well? In Morioka, Konishi Hiroaki granted access to the Morioka-han documents reproduced on pages 36, 38-39, 4445 , 58, and 60. He provided clues on how Morioka-han "Zassho" was compiled, documentation on senior ministers named there, and likely dates for the early 18th-century maps of Miyako-dori and otsuchi-dori (p. 36, 44, 58). He serves as librarian of the Documents Office, Morioka City Central Community Center (KyOdo Shiryo Shitsu, Morioka-shi Chuo Kominkan). On the coast in modem Miyako city, Yamazaki Toshio and Sasaki Tsutomu identified places inundated by the 1960 tsunami in Kuwagasaki and Tsugaruishi (photos, p. 49 and 51). In 1999, Mr. Yamazaki was fire chief and Mr. Sasaki one of his deputies at the Central Fire Station of the Miyako Unified Fire District (Miyako-chiku Koiki Kumiai Gyosei, Shob6sho Honbu). Shuto Nobuo of Iwate Prefectural University provided an introduction to Mr. Yamazaki and a walking tour of Kuwagasaki's tsunami-prone districts. Kishi Shoichi, a historian for Miyako city, shared his knowledge of Miyako's Edo-period governance. His successor, Kariya YUichiro, helped us interpret and photograph Moriai-ke "Nikki kakitome cho." In Tsugaruishi, Moriai Mitsunori granted access to his family's notebook, Moriai-ke "Nikki kakitome cho." He and his mother welcomed three of us into the family home (p. 53). Iwamoto Yoshiteru, an authority on the area's Edo-period economy (books, p. 116), provided guidance on obscure place names of Tsugaruishi (p. 50, 51, 56). Morikoshi Ryo of Hachinohe helped Ueda identify copyist's errors in Moriai-ke "Nikki kakitome cho" by providing a transcription, in printed Japanese, of official records of Hachinohe-han, its "Han nikki" (footnoted, p. 52). Mr. Morikoshi leads Hachinohe Komonjo Benkyo-kai, a group that studies historical documents and which made the transcription of Hachinohe "Han nikki." Moriai Mutsuharu, a retired schoolteacher in Tsugaruishi, adopted Atwater and Yamaguchi for a day of Shuto Nobuo at a memorial stone for the 1960 Chile tsunami near Miyako (map, p. 49). The inscription warns that even without an earthquake, a change in water level can mean a tsunami. interviewing his fellow villagers about the 1960 tsunami (sites marked by blue and yellow dots, p. 56). Those who identified inundation limits include Yonezawa Takuji (in color photo, p. 57, upper right) and Moriai Miya (photo, below). In otsuchi, Maeda Zenji, Fujimoto Toshiaki, and Kamata Seizo provided guidance on Edo-period neighborhoods. They also shared the town's collection of photographs and maps showing sites inundated by the 1960 tsunami. When interviewed in 1999, Mr. Maeda headed otsuchi's Historical Preservation Council (otsuchi-cho Bunkazai Hogo Shingikai), while Messrs. Fujimoto and Kamata served as assistant director and archaeologist, respectively, in the town's office of continuing education (otsuchi-cho Kyoiku I'inkai, Shakai Kyoikuka). Ogawa Kaori journeyed to Ofunato to learn about that city's devastation by the 1960 tsunami and its lack of writings on the 1700 tsunami (p. 81). She also checked for written records in Sendai. In Ofunato she received help from Sato Etsuro of Ofunato city, Shirato Yutaka and Kin'no Ryoichi of Ofunato Museum, and Honda Fumito of nearby Rikuzentakada city. Town officials, local historians, and private citizens of Hitachinaka (formerly Nakaminato) twice received visitors interested in tsunami evidence from ouchi-ke "Go-yodome." The hosts included Kawasaki Osamu, Onizawa Yoichi, Onizawa Yasuhiko, Saito Arata, Sato Tsugio, and, from the family that conserves...

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