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acknowledgments this endeavor has had its share of intellectualandemotional vicissitudes. At times I felt overwhelmed and discouraged, but many friends and colleagues encouraged and prodded me along. I must thank Steven Avella, Bing Fun Cheng, Sandra Chim, Rosemary Flemmer, Kenneth Luk, and Lewis Robinson. My mentor, Kenneth Owens, gave me invaluable insight and advice. I wish to thank my graduate school adviser at Ohio State University, Professor Warren R. Van Tine, for his support, encouragement, and patience, which made this work possible. He was truly a “white knight” during my darkest hours. Other professors who gave me reassurance and help include Samuel Chu, Yan-shuan Lao, and James Bartholomew. Gratitude for administrative assistance goes to Joby Abernathy. NaomiPascalattheUniversityof WashingtonPressgaveprofessionalguidance and was much more patient and persevering than I was through the steps of publication. Also assisting me at the press were Lorri Hagman and Mary Ribesky. I am indebted to George Quan, Jr., who introduced me to his network of associates, all fruitful resources. His knowledge and eagerness greatly facilitated my research. I am very grateful to Leland Lee, who provided invaluable details and nuances with straightforwardness and enthusiasm, making the material come to life. Bill Wong and George Wong were very informative and helpful. It was awakening to listen to the late George Chan, whose revelations were provocative. Appreciation must also be extended to Susie Chan, Henry Fong, Earl Joe, Lewis Kassis, Jimmie Lee, Louis Lee, Bill Lew, Joe Tang, Rose Yee, Gene Yee, and Art Yim, all of who made this research so engaging. And finally, I would like to give special thanks to my friend the late Anna W. Lee, who eagerly assisted me with her vigilant search for resources. xi SHOPPING AT GIANT FOODS ...

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