Building New Pathways to Peace

Contents

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pp. v-vi

Foreword

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pp. vii-x

The content of Building New Pathways to Peace places this joint Japan–U.S. project firmly at the forefront of contemporary peace research. During the Cold War, research projects mobilized the world’s intellectual strength against both a possible nuclear holocaust and the propaganda that then allocated blame and responsibility to one party only. Transnational and transdisciplinary peace research emerged,...

Acknowledgments

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pp. xi-xii

Introduction

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pp. 3-19

This volume is the outcome of a fruitful, five-year research collaboration between International Christian University (ICU) in Tokyo and Washington State University (WSU) in Pullman. The project, Research and Education for Peace, Security, and Kyosei,¹ was sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Education and Science through its 21st Century Center of Excellence (COE) Program. This volume shares...

1. On Tolerance

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pp. 20-31

The goals of peace, security, and kyosei (conviviality) are so deeply entangled with one another that we may easily assume that realizing one goal realizes other goals to some extent at the same time. However, reaching these goals simultaneously is difficult because achieving one goal may produce a trade-off of benefits, even though the parties involved are not necessarily engaged in a zero-sum game. For example,...

2. To Forgive Is Human: A Theological Reflection on the Politics of Reconciliation

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pp. 32-47

The contributors to this book share the conviction that a coherent and sustainable notion of peace must include the concepts of security and kyosei. In this view, peace does not mean merely the absence of war or a condition of precarious truce until another conflict breaks out. Peace is something that must be enjoyed by all concerned,...

3. On Perspectives on Peace: The Hebraic Idea of Shalom and Prince Shotoku’s Idea of Wa

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pp. 48-64

Two historical ideas on peace are useful in formulating peace theory today. One is the ancient Hebraic idea of shalom, and the other is the ancient Japanese idea of wa, particularly as promulgated by Prince Shotoku....

4. Decency, Equality, and Peace: A Perspective on a Peaceful Multicultural Society

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pp. 65-80

In his book On Toleration, Michael Walzer states that “peaceful coexistence among groups of people with different histories, cultures, and identities” is “a good thing.”¹ This claim is all the more convincing when we look at increasingly intense, sometimes violent, sometimes bloody conflicts based on ethnocultural differences, such as the civil war...

5. Globalization, Culture, and the Strategic Use of the Arts for Peacebuilding

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pp. 81-96

Today, interdisciplinary cultural studies play an increasingly vital role in peace and conflict scholarship, primarily because of more sophisticated and expansive notions of the concept of “culture,” especially in the context of a new, globalized electronic and mass-mediated culture. Although many earlier discussions of globalizing culture were celebrations...

6. Impediments to Human Security: Social Categories, Privilege, and Violence

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pp. 97-111

Efforts to promote peace, security, and kyosei will occur in unavoidable psychological contexts that pose serious obstacles to achieving success. Research in political and cognitive psychology has identified three major factors that affect the way individuals perceive the need and the justification for social change and for finding new pathways...

7. The Lessons of Peacebuilding for Kyosei

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pp. 112-125

Security in all its forms is a fundamental aspect of peace and kyosei. Without security, neither peace nor kyosei can be created or maintained. Therefore, establishing security is one important pathway to making peace and kyosei living realities, and we can find practical guidelines for this pathway in the lessons we learn from past international and domestic efforts to promote security. We can look at security...

8. Media Discourses of Peace: An Imperfect but Important Tool of Peace, Security, and Kyosei

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pp. 126-147

As the preceding chapters suggest, the progression from theories of peace to a more just and peaceful world is fraught with complexity and difficulty. Scholars disagree on the necessary role of the state in “building a more peaceable society and a safer world characterized by convivial life spaces . . . that include social justice, cooperation, and equity” but recognize that the state and its dependent institutions...

9. Establishing Credibility under Globalization: The Role of Higher Education in Promoting Peace, Security, and Kyosei

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pp. 148-166

Globalization is a phenomenon in which information, resources, human expectations, and goods and services cross national borders instantaneously and can affect the decision-making process of people, businesses, governments, and international communities. Today this phenomenon may be understood as the interaction of two streams of globalization: market value globalization and human value globalization. Since the end of the Cold War, both streams have emerged...

10. Can Grand Theories of the State Help Us Envision a Grand Theory of Peace?

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pp. 167-181

In the introduction to this volume, the editors defend and clarify the utility of a grand theory in moving toward peace, security, and kyosei and challenge other peace researchers to make contributions on this front. This conception of a grand theory does not imply an omniscient and rigidly abstract edifice. A grand theory of peace must be intimately tied...

11. “Remembering Is Not an Innocent Act”: Reflections on Postwar German War Memory and Peace Studies

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pp. 182-203

In 1981, German journalist Bernt Engelmann visited two old school friends from the 1930s. The first, Bobbi, formerly a comrade of Engelmann’s in the Socialist youth group Red Falcon, had joined the Hitler Youth in 1933, soon after the Nazi seizure of power. Ironically, Engelmann met Bobbi just after Bobbi had given a speech commemorating the victims of the failed plot of July 20, 1944, the generals’ plot against...

12. To Transnationalize War Memory for Peace and Kyosei: Reconciliation of Pearl Harbor and Hiroshima

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pp. 204-222

How can a historian contribute to the building of a grand theory of comprehensive peace studies and the search for new pathways to peace? History as a discipline studies the causes and consequences of past events and the contemporary implications of these events. Historians also study history because it explains what we are and...

Bibliography

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pp. 223-249

Contributors

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pp. 251-254

Index

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pp. 255-262