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contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xix Introduction 3 1 / The Nineteenth-Century American City 9 2 / The Chinese Presence in Oregon 29 3 / Enforcement of Chinese Exclusion in Oregon 75 4 / Peopling the Chinese Community of Oregon 149 5 / This Place Called Chinatown 204 Epilogue: Ghettos, Enclaves, and Non-Claves 263 Appendix: Occupations of Portland’s Chinese, 1860–1910 271 Notes 275 Bibliography 311 Index 323 list of tables 1 / Chinese departing and returning to the United States, 1901–5 135 2 / Costs of deportation, 1901–5 136 3 / Chinese population in the United States, 1850–1950 150 4 / Total and Chinese population figures for West Coast port cities, 1860–1950 152–53 5 / State population figures for Oregon, California, and Washington, 1860–1950 158 6 / Oregon rural and urban Chinese, 1890–1910, 1950 162–63 7 / Chinese population, sex, and sex ratios in Oregon, Washington, and California, 1880–1950 165 8 / Portland, Oregon, population, 1860–1950 166 9 / Chinese families and children in Portland, 1860–1910 168–69 10 / Recorded place of birth, 1860–1910 170–71 11 / Age and gender of Chinese population in Portland, Oregon, 1860–1910 172–73 ...

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