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CONTENTS acknowledgments vii introduction: Party Systems and Regime Formation in the Middle East 3 Part I ExplainingPartySystemCharacteristics 1 The Emergence of the Preponderant Single-Party Systems 31 2 The Emergence of the Multiparty Systems 54 3 The Emergence of Bipartism in Turkey 73 Part II TheImpactof PartySystemsonRegimeFormation 4 Preponderant Single Parties and Immediate Authoritarian Rule 103 5 Polarization, Mobilizational Asymmetry, and Delayed Authoritarian Rule 123 6 Depolarization, Increased Mobilizational Symmetry, and the Consolidation of Competitive Politics in Turkey 158 conclusion: The Arguments in Middle East and Comparative Perspective 188 notes 205 bibliography 219 index 237 ...

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