The Martyrs of Karbala: Shi'i Symbols and Rituals in Modern Iran

Index

Index 195 Abbas, 119, 128 Abbasid Caliphate, 6–8, 10–11 Abbas Mirza, Qajar crown prince, 15 Abd al-Baqi, Mohammad, 98 Abu Moslem, 10 A’esheh, 120–21 A’esheh Abd al-Rahman, 117. See also Bent-e Shate’ ahl al-beyt, 9–11 Ahmad, last Qajar Shah, 49 A’ishah. See A’esheh alamat, 149, 151 Al-e Ahmad, Jalal, 115 Ali Akbar, 9, 23, 96, 134 Ali Asghar, 9, 23, 151 Ali Ebn-e Abi Taleb author of Nahj al-Balagheh, 106 as first imam and successor to Mohammad, 4–12, 37, 135 symbolic understanding of, 90–92, 118–28, 135–37 Al-Khwarazmi, 89 American Embassy, protests at, 140 Ansar, Seraj, 99 Aram, Ahmad, 99 Ashtiyani, Ayatollah, 18 azadari. See Moharram rituals and symbols Battle of the Camel, 7, 120 Battle of Karbala, ix, x early commemoration of, 10–13 root metaphor for Shi’is, 9 summary of, 7–9 symbolism of, 81, 88, 92–93, 120–21, 128, 150 Battle of Seffin, 7 Behbahani, Ayatollah, 18, 69 Behesht-e Zahra and Behesht-e Zeynab, 136–38 Beheshti, 74, 138–40 Bent-e Shate’, 117, 120–21, 127–28 beyªat (allegiance) to Yazid, 9, 109 Borujerdi, Ayatollah, 60, 69, 77 Buyids, 7–8, 10–11 concessions to European powers and protests, 25 dasteh, 36, 51, 148–49 Dasteh-e Bani Asad, 150–51. See also Moharram processions Diba, Sayyed al-Mohaqqeqin, 55 Ebn-e Ziyad, 118 Esfahani, Ayatollah Zadeh, 55 Eshtehardi, Mohammad, 118, 125–29 Esmaªil, founder of the Safavid dynasty, 11 Eyd-e Ghadir. See Ghadir Khom Ezzat al-Dowleh, sister of Naser al-Din Shah, 40–50 Fatemeh, 90, 93, 113–30 passim, 136, 151, 158 Fatimids of Egypt, 6 Feyziyeh seminary, 77–84 gender, 39, 81, 88, 93, 113–30 passim, 151, 158 and Ali Shari’ati’s narrative of Fatemeh, 124–25 gender (continued) discourses, 113–30 and Eshtehardi’s narrative of Zeynab, 125–30 and gender-coded symbols, 115, 116, 123, 158 gender-neutral themes in narratives , 118 modernist vs. traditionalist conceptions of, 114–17, Reza Shah’s policies related to, 113–14 symbolism in graveyards, 136–37 wives of Qasem and Vahb, 120 women as captives at Karbala, 121 women associated with mourning and crying, 121–22 women in Kashefi’s narrative, 93, 116 See also A’esheh; Fatemeh; Zeynab Ghadir Khom (and Eyd-e Ghadir), 4, 10, 58, 135 Golpaygani, Lotfollah Safi, 84, 96–99 Habib Ebn-e Mazaher, 118 Hakimi, Mohammad Reza, 99 Hamdanids of Syria, 6 Hasan, son of Ali Ebn-e Abi Taleb, 4, 37, 124, 126 Hejazi, Fakhr al-Din, 73 hey’at, 51, 69–71, 79–83, 139, 142– 51, 160–61 Hey’atha-e Mo’talefeh, 80, 82 hijab, 52, 64, 120–21, 125–26, 130, 134 Hojjat, Sayyed Ali Akbar, 96 Hoseyn, son of Ali Ebn-e Abi Taleb early history of, and Karbala, 4, 7–13 symbols and rituals of, xi, 27, 53, 58, 73–75, 80–81, 87–112, 118–40, 146–52 196 Index hoseyniyeh, 18, 69–72, 136–37, 142–47 Hoseyniyeh-e Ershad, 72, 100, 102, 108, 124, 135 imamate, 4–5, 7–8 Iran-Iraq war, 106, 138 Isfahani, Mohammad Shari’at, 99 Islamic Republic, xi, 53–55, 67, 115, 131–61 passim Isma’ilis, 7 Ithna Ashari Shi’is, 7 Jaªfari, Mohammad Taqi, 99 Jaªfari, Sha’ban, 85 Jafri, Seyyed Hosayn, 99 jahad-e sazandegi, 132, 139 jihad, 75, 88, 103–4, 129, 132–40, 156 kafan push (burial shroud), 140 Kamareh’i, Ayatollah Mirza Khalil, 69 Karbala narrative core-narrative and meta-narrative , 88–89 gendered narratives, 113–30 Golpaygani’s interpretations of, 96–97 Kashefi’s narrative and interpretations , 12–13, 87–112 Motahhari’s interpretations of, 109 Najafabadi’s interpretations of, 95–96 Reza’i’s interpretations of, 106 Shari’ati’s interpretations of, 103–5 soteriological dimensions of, 88 Karbala paradigm definition of, x, 8–9, 163n1 oppositional interpretations and discourses, 86–112, 133, 141, 161 state’s use of, xi, xii, xiii, 132–41 See also Karbala narrative Kashani, Ayatollah, 68 Kashani, Sayyed Hasan, 42–45 Kashefi, Hoseyn Va’ez, 12, 89–93, 103–4, 108, 117, 123 Kasravi, Ahmad, 25–26, 57–58, 101 Kazem, Musa, 7 Khadijeh, wife of Mohammad, 126 Khamenei, Ayatollah, 53, 134, 140, 152 Khansari, Ayatollah Sayyed Ahmad, 41–42, 69 Khomeini, Ayatollah, 53, 63 death and shrine, 138 and Islamic Republic, 131–32, 135–40, 152, 156, 158...